Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Sujin Jeong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):294-295. Published online June 14, 2023

· An imbalance of the gut microbiota with a relative increase in Firmicutes versus Bacteroidetes is associated with the pathogenesis of obesity.
· Dysbiosis is associated with microbial genes associated with short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production and increased colonic SCFA levels. SCFAs have also been shown to regulate appetite and satiety hormones, which can affect food intake and energy balance.
· A dietary high-fat intake is reportedly associated with increased plasma lipopolysaccharide. Altered Toll-like receptor-4 signaling leads to propagating the cascade of further inflammation and promoting insulin resistance.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00458

Review Article

General Pediatrics

Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST): development, applications, and implications for future early childhood development interventions

Dooyoung Kim, Young June Choe, Bilal Aurang Zeb Durrani, EunYoung Kim, Junghye Byeon, Baik-Lin Eun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):288-293. Published online December 22, 2022

Web of Science 17 Crossref 16

· This review discusses the development and application of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for ensuring early childhood development.
· Various studies have demonstrated the integral role of the K-DST in facilitating the detection of developmental delays and delivery of timely interventions.
· The tailoring of the K-DST to Korean infants and children suggests that other countries may further translate and adapt it.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00906

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants

In Gyu Song

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):281-287. Published online December 30, 2022

Web of Science 22 Crossref 28

· Among survivors, 60.9% of infants born at 22 weeks’ gestation had moderate to severe impairments, whereas 50.3% born at 23 weeks’ and 42.2% at 24 weeks’ gestation had moderate to severe impairments.
· Moderate and late preterm infants reportedly have less severe disease than very preterm infants, but they still experience adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes.
· The careful follow-up and early detection of developmental problems in these patients are required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00822

Neurology

Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior

Gun-Ha Kim, Jung-Ok Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):274-280. Published online November 8, 2022

Web of Science 17 Crossref 22

· The gut microbiota can alter a host’s brain development and behavior.
· Gut bacteria communicate with the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
· Fecal microbial transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for autism spectrum disorder.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01550

Letter to the Editor

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Effect of rolling over pattern and caregiver perception on plagiocephaly in Korean infants

Jin A Yoon, Soo-Yeon Kim, Yong Beom Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):272-273. Published online May 24, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00108

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Efficacy of body position on gastric residual in preterm infant: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Kurvatteppa Halemani, Alwin Issac, Sanjay Dhiraaj, Prabhaker Mishra

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):262-270. Published online November 30, 2022

Web of Science 8 Crossref 10

Breastfeeding and it's tolerance are the positive indicators for preterm babies. Placing the preterm infant in the right lateral or prone position after feed had lesser gastric residual volume compared to placing them in left lateral or supine positions. The post-feed position is a vital element in enhancing feeding tolerance, mechanical functions of the gastrointestinal tract and the overall development of preterm infants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01508

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Parenting stress and interactive engagement behaviors in children with developmental delay

Jung Sook Yeom, Rock Bum Kim, Jae Young Cho, Ji Sook Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae-Young Lim, Hyang-Ok Woo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):252-261. Published online May 19, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Question: What level of parenting stress is experienced by parents of children with developmental delays (DDs) without autism spectrum disorder, and what factors contribute to it?
· Findings: Parents of children with DDs experienced high parenting stress that were significantly mediated by their children’s low interactive behaviors.
· Meaning: The interactive behaviors of children with DDs mediate parenting stress.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00101

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Recent advances in epigenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal allergic disorders

Eell Ryoo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):250-251. Published online May 19, 2023

· Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in rapidly increasing food allergy.
· There is still no definitive way to diagnose food allergy.
· Early introduction of peanuts, eggs, and cow’s milk reduces food allergy incidence.
· Administration of probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium bifidum can partially reduce the occurrence of allergic symptoms.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00136

Review Article

Allergy

Recent topics on gastrointestinal allergic disorders

Yoshiyuki Yamada

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):240-249. Published online January 9, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 4

Gastrointestinal (GI) allergies are divided into immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed types. In addition to non-IgE-mediated, overlapping eosinophilic GI disorders (EGIDs) have increased in Japan. EGIDs, a mixed-type allergy category, include eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE EGIDs. The number of EoE cases has increased in Western countries, followed by Asian countries. Recent GI allergies may also be associated with type 2 inflammation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01053

Gastroenterology

Update on eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease beyond eosinophilic esophagitis in children

Hye Ran Yang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):233-239. Published online January 3, 2023

Web of Science 4 Crossref 3

· Eosinophilic gastrointestinal disease (EGID) is uncommon, with a prevalence of 1–30/100,000 in the general population; however, it is increasing worldwide.
· The diagnosis of EGID is based on histopathological findings of endoscopic mucosal biopsy in which tissue eosinophils are counted in each gastrointestinal tract segment of patients with chronic or recurrent gastrointestinal symptoms.
· Individualized treatment strategies, including adequate dietary and pharmacological therapy, may help improve outcomes of children with EGID.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01046

Role of social media use in onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children

Mauro Cinquetti, Vanessa Dargenio, Michele Fingerle, Carolina Marchiotto, Marco Biasin, Massimo Pettoello Mantovani, Flavia Indrio

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):226-232. Published online December 21, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 4

· Social media use can cause adverse health outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders, in children and adolescents.
· Recent findings have shown a high prevalence of social media use and decreased well-being in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
· The biopsychosocial nature of functional gastrointestinal disorders and the clear influence of social media on the psychosocial lives of children suggests the likely involvement of social media in their development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00843

Clinical Note

Other

Novel PTRH2 gene variant causing IMNEPD (infantile-onset multisystem neurologic, endocrine, and pancreatic disease) in 2 Saudi siblings

Dalal K. Bubshait

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):223-225. Published online March 23, 2023

Web of Science 4 Crossref 4

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01074

Original Article

Cardiology

Echocardiographic reference z scores of right ventricular dimension and systolic function of children aged 5–12 years

Alaba Busola Oladimeji, Moriam Omolola Lamina, Peter Odion Ubuane, Motunrayo Oluwabukola Adekunle, Omolara Adeolu Kehinde, Barakat Adeola Animasahun, Olisamedua FidelisNjokanma

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):215-222. Published online April 18, 2023

Question: Z score reference values for right ventricular size and systolic function in children using echocardiography are available in several countries. Despite the high burden of diseases involving the right ventricle in Nigeria, these reference values have limited applicability.
Finding: The right ventricular sizes of Nigerian children differed from those published elsewhere.
Meaning: These reference values will aid the treatment, monitoring, and pre- and postintervention for Nigerian children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01410

Editorial

Infection

Impact and role of vitamins as immunonutrition in children during COVID-19 pandemic

Yoo Min Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):212-214. Published online April 18, 2023

Crossref 1

· Vitamins have effector mechanisms in the innate and adaptive immune systems and potential roles in preventing and reducing the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
· Vitamins may be immunonutrients in the treatment of COVID-19 infections and prevention of patient deterioration due to critical illness, thus demonstrating the significance of a nutritious, well-balanced diet.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01305

Neurology

Understanding the usefulness of electroencephalography source localization

Bo Lyun Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):210-211. Published online April 18, 2023

· Electroencephalography (EEG) records brain activity with high temporal resolution.
· EEG source localization, combined with other functional or structural imaging methods, provides information about brain network and connectivity in clinical neuroscience.
· EEG source localization identifies brain location from electrical current sources in several neuropsychiatric diseases such as epilepsy, attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder, and anxiety disorders.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01480

Review Article

Neurology

Electroencephalography source localization

Tae-Hoon Eom

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):201-209. Published online December 29, 2022

Web of Science 12 Crossref 14

· Electroencephalography (EEG) directly images the electrical activity of neurons at a higher temporal resolution than other neuroimaging techniques.
· EEG is still widely used in brain function research due to its advantages.
· Forward and inverse problems of EEG analyses require solutions.
· Methods such as the dipole and distributed source models have been introduced.
· Applications of EEG are expanding with the integration of other technologies and large-scale data.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00962

Cardiology

Arrhythmia and COVID-19 in children

Mi Kyoung Song, Bryan Kwon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):190-200. Published online April 18, 2023

Web of Science 4 Crossref 5

· Pediatric patients have a relatively low incidence of tachyarrhythmia both in acute coronavirus disease 2019 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but it was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes.
· Conduction abnormalities were not uncommon, especially in those with MIS-C. Most patients recovered to normal sinus rhythm; however, some progressed to advanced atrioventricular block and rarely required permanent pacemaker implantation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00024

Infection

COVID-19 in immunocompromised children and adolescents

Byung Ok Kwak, Byung Wook Eun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):182-189. Published online April 18, 2023

Web of Science 10 Crossref 11

Most immunocompromised children and adolescents are not at increased risk of developing severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). COVID-19 outcomes for low- or medium-risk immunocompromised children are favorable, while more serious illness reportedly occurs in high-risk immunocompromised children by underlying disease, its treatments, and other factors. Therefore, the early detection and timely management of severe COVID-19 and treatment of underlying disease are important. Hospitalization and COVID-19 vaccination should be carefully considered.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00878

Perspective

Other

New public-centered child protection system in Korea

We Sun Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):179-181. Published online April 18, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Korea’s child abuse response system was transformed under policy change in April 2020, from what was previously operated on a private-centered basis to a focus on the public sector with expanded role of local governments. Promising outcomes are expected with new system as greater governmental intervention will effectively protect at-risk children with acceleration in institutional collaboration and expertise in information management and administration.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00150

Original Article

Infection

Predicting COVID-19 transmission in a student population in Seoul, South Korea, 2020–2021

Young Hwa Lee, Han Ho Kim, Young June Choe

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):173-178. Published online December 22, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: What is the spatial distribution and determinants of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection among students in Korea?
Finding: The community population was closely associated with the risk of COVID-19, and the number of students per school class were inversely associated with COVID-19 rates in students.
Meaning: Our finding suggests that controlling the community-level burden of COVID-19 can help prevent sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in school-aged children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00983

Editorial

Other

Advancing pediatric health: the multifaceted scope of Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Jin Hee Oh, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):171-172. Published online March 29, 2023

Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics (CEP) is a journal that specializes in pediatric research topics. It covers a wide range of research areas, including basic research, translational research, and research related to improving pediatric health and diseases. CEP also focuses on the coordination of societal structures and processes that orchestrate pediatric health and disease throughout society, and the parallel relationship between regional characteristics and globalization. The journal intends to continue promoting pediatric health through relentless efforts and the discovery of new research areas.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00185

Gastroenterology

Is there a link between social media usage and functional gastrointestinal disorders in children?

Hae Jeong Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):169-170. Published online March 23, 2023

Crossref 1

Social media use has potential benefits and risks, including links to adverse health problems in children such as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Screen time control, emotional support, and parental guidance can help children navigate social media safely and reduce the risk of developing FGIDs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00143

Review Article

Allergy

New approaches to immunotherapy in house dust mite allergy

In Sik Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):161-168. Published online October 25, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has developed over the last few decades and has emerged as a promising treatment. House dust mite (HDM) is a target allergen in AIT, and various modified HDM allergens have been improved for their efficacy. Moreover, clinical trials have proved their significantly therapeutic effects in allergy. This article review focuses on HDM allergens developed for AIT efficacy,...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00479

Gastroenterology

High-resolution esophageal manometry in children

Yogesh Waikar

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):155-160. Published online October 17, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

High-resolution esophageal manometry can be safely performed in children where recurrent vomiting and persistent dysphagia is the working diagnosis after excluding nonluminal and structural obstructive pathologies using pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Normal manometry values are available. Clinical picture, biochemical tests, radiological interpretation, and endoscopic findings with manometry completes the analysis of patients with recurrent vomiting and dysphagia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00787

Nutrition

Association of gut microbiota with obesity in children and adolescents

Ky Young Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):148-154. Published online November 16, 2022

Web of Science 20 Crossref 22

The gut microbiota is an emerging factor in the development of pediatric obesity, which is affected by renowned risk factors such as diet, lifestyle, and socioeconomic status. This review aimed to describe the association between the gut microbiota and childhood obesity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01837

Letter to the Editor

Endocrinology

Accuracy of predicted adult height using the Greulich-Pyle method and artificial intelligence medical device

Dongho Cho, Yun Sun Choi, Hayun Oh, Young min Ahn, Ji-Young Seo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):145-147. Published online January 25, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01116

Clinical Note

Genetics and Metabolism

Biallelic POLR3A variants cause Wiedemann-Rautenstrauch syndrome with atypical brain involvement

Byungseung Moon, Minhye Kim, Hye Jin Kim, Jae So Cho, Hey Joon Son, Byung Chan Lim, Ki Joong Kim, Jong Hee Chae, Soo Yeon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):142-144. Published online December 30, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01144

Original Article

Infection

Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus common human coronaviruses: a national multicenter study

In Suk Sol, Eun Lee, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Yong Ju Lee, Hye Yung Yum, Mi-Hee Lee, Mi Ae Chu, Hui Jeong Moon, Hyo-Bin Kim, Ju Hee Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Ji Young Ahn, Yoon Young Jang, Hai Lee Chung, Eun Hee Chung, Kyunghoon Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Cheol Hong Kim, Yang Park, Meeyong Shin, Kyung Suk Lee, Man Yong Han, Soo-Jong Hong, Eun Kyeong Kang, Chang Keun Kim; on behalf of The Pneumonia & Respiratory Disease Study Group of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):134-141. Published online December 22, 2022

Crossref 1

Question: The clinical differences between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronaviruses (HCoV) in children remain unknown.
Finding: This study compared the clinical findings of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus HCoV. Its findings suggest that children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 have a milder clinical course than those with HCoV.
Meaning: The clinical course of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 should be closely monitored during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00703

Hematology

Changes and correlations of T-cell coinhibitory molecule programmed death-1 and interferon-γ in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia

Fady Mohamed El-Gendy, Amira M.F. Shehata, Esam Awad Abd El-Kawy, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):127-133. Published online February 24, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 1

Question: What are the PD-1⁺ CD4⁺ T cells percentages and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels of pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Finding: Compared with healthy controls, the PD-1⁺ CD4⁺ T cells percentages and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in ITP patients before and 1 month after therapy.
Meaning: Our findings suggest that PD-1⁺ CD4⁺ T cells and IFN-γ are involved in the pathophysiological process of ITP.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00920

Editorial

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Optimal hemodialysis treatment for pediatric kidney failure patients

Yo Han Ahn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):125-126. Published online February 15, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

· Although the basic concept of hemodialysis (HD) is similar in adults and children, specific factors must be considered in the latter, including the small dialyzer and circuit, difficult vascular access, and frequent complications.
· HD-associated complications include catheter-related problems, hemodynamic instability, and neurodevelopmental and cognitive dysfunction.
· Pediatric HD is challenging, and steady efforts are needed to perform it safely and reduce its complications, thereby improving clinical outcomes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01431

Cited By 28	Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants
Cited By 26	Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
Cited By 22	Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior
Cited By 22	Association of gut microbiota with obesity in children and adolescents
Cited By 20	Prevalence of anxiety, depression, and stress among parents of neonates admitted to neonatal intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Article category