Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Allergy

Recent topics on gastrointestinal allergic disorders

Yoshiyuki Yamada

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):240-249. Published online January 9, 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) allergies are divided into immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed types. In addition to non-IgE-mediated, overlapping eosinophilic GI disorders (EGIDs) have increased in Japan. EGIDs, a mixed-type allergy category, include eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE EGIDs. The number of EoE cases has increased in Western countries, followed by Asian countries. Recent GI allergies may also be associated with type 2 inflammation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01053

New approaches to immunotherapy in house dust mite allergy

In Sik Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):161-168. Published online October 25, 2022

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has developed over the last few decades and has emerged as a promising treatment. House dust mite (HDM) is a target allergen in AIT, and various modified HDM allergens have been improved for their efficacy. Moreover, clinical trials have proved their significantly therapeutic effects in allergy. This article review focuses on HDM allergens developed for AIT efficacy,...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00479

Editorial

Allergy

Clinical considerations and practical issues of allergic diseases in COVID-19 era

Sungsu Jung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):587-588. Published online November 29, 2022

The risk of sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection and severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) outcomes is not elevated in patients with the type 2 phenotype and well-controlled asthma. Inhaled corticosteroids, intranasal corticosteroids, and topical steroids can be safely used in COVID-19 patients. Biologics can be safely used by patients with allergic diseases without concern about antibody responses.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01123

Review Article

Allergy

Diagnosis and management of asthma in infants and preschoolers

Hai Lee Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):574-584. Published online April 19, 2022

Cited By 2

· Asthma in infants and preschoolers involves heterogeneous phenotypes.
· Asthma diagnosis is based on symptom patterns, therapeutic responses, and the presence of risk factors with careful consideration of differential diagnosis.
· Daily inhaled corticosteroid therapy remains the most effective strategy for managing persistent asthma symptoms irrespective of phenotype.
· Future research, including genetic and molecular studies, is needed to develop a clear definition of asthma and personalized therapeutic approaches.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01746

Management of patients with allergic diseases in the era of COVID-19

Eun Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):529-535. Published online September 23, 2022

In the early days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, allergic diseases, especially asthma, were considered to be risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death. These concerns stemmed from the idea that individuals with allergic diseases are generally more susceptible to respiratory virus infections, which are major causes of exacerbation of allergic diseases. However, epidemiologic data with...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00759

Editorial

Allergy

Dietary restriction misconceptions and food allergy education in children with atopic dermatitis

You Hoon Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(2):83-84. Published online January 27, 2022

Cited By 2

∙ Food intake strategies for preventing food allergies have undergone major changes over the past 20 years.
∙ In children with atopic dermatitis, indiscriminate food restrictions without diagnostic testing leads to nutritional imbalance and poor growth.
∙ When determining food restrictions for pediatric patients with atopic dermatitis, an accurate food allergy diagnosis must be preceded, and continuous parental education about food intake is required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01634

Letter to the Editor

Allergy

Environmental and dietary factors to be checked for treatment of atopic dermatitis in rural children

Sanghwa Youm, Eunjoo Lee, Jeongmin Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(12):661-663. Published online October 1, 2021

Cited By 4

Question: What are the distinctive features of rural children with atopic dermatitis?
Finding: Birch and dog dander were the second most sensitized aeroallergens (32.6%), followed by house dust mites. Doctors and guardians reported food allergy comorbidities differently (19.9% and 43.5%, respectively). Dietary restrictions without medical evaluation were observed in 39.7% of patients.
Meaning: Effects of pollen distribution and indirect animal exposure should be evaluated. Evidence-based dietary restrictions must be implemented.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00605

Original Article

Allergy

Cohort profile: National Investigation of Birth Cohort in Korea study 2008 (NICKs-2008)

Ju Hee Kim, Jung Eun Lee, So Min Shim, Eun Kyo Ha, Dong Keon Yon, Ok Hyang Kim, Ji Hyeon Baek, Hyun Yong Koh, Kyu Young Chae, Seung Won Lee, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(9):480-488. Published online January 5, 2021

Cited By 23

This national cohort study included all Korean children born in 2008 and 2009 observed over a period of more than 10 years. Our findings demonstrate that it is possible to analyze disease onset prior to hospitalization based on information such as lifestyle, eating habits, and risk factors by integrating National Health Insurance System data with national health screening data.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01284

Influence of age at complementary food introduction on the development of asthma and atopic dermatitis in Korean children aged 1–3 years

Jihyun Lee, Meeyong Shin, Bora Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(8):408-414. Published online November 1, 2020

Cited By 3

Question: Is age at the time of complementary food introduction associated with asthma and atopic dermatitis (AD) in early childhood?
Finding: We found no significant association between age at the time of complementary food introduction and the incidence of AD and asthma in Koreans aged 1–3 years.
Meaning: Our findings suggest that the influence of individual allergenic foods on the development of AD and asthma should be clarified.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01382

Review Article

Allergy

Food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis: role of cofactors

Meeyong shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(8):393-399. Published online November 12, 2020

Cited By 12

Question: What are the roles of cofactors in food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis?
Finding: Cofactors reportedly play a role in approximately 14%–30% of anaphylactic reactions. Cofactors such as exercise, infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dehydration, and alcohol can increase intestinal permeability and antigen uptake, thereby causing allergic symptoms.
Meaning: Routine assessment of the possible involvement of cofactors is essential for the management of patients with food-induced anaphylaxis.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01088

Prevalence, comorbidities, diagnosis, and treatment of nonallergic rhinitis: real-world comparison with allergic rhinitis

Hye Yung Yum, Eun Kyo Ha, Yoon Ho Shin, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(8):373-383. Published online August 10, 2020

Cited By 8

Rhinitis is among the most common respiratory diseases in children. Nonallergic rhinitis, which involves nasal symptoms without evidence of systemic allergic inflammation or infection, is a heterogeneous entity with diverse manifestations and intensities. Nonallergic rhinitis accounts for 16%–89% of the chronic rhinitis cases, affecting 1%–50% (median 10%) of the total pediatric population. The clinical course of nonallergic rhinitis is generally...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00822

Original Article

Allergy

Sex-based differences in factors associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness in adolescents with childhood asthma

Young Hwan Kim, Yoon Young Jang, Jieun Jeong, Hai Lee Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(5):229-238. Published online January 14, 2021

Cited By 3

Question: What factors are associated with bronchial hyperresponsiveness (BHR) in adolescents with childhood asthma?
Finding: Age, mold sensitization, and increased eosinophil count were associated with BHR in boys versus a reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity ratio in girls. Early mold sensitization was a risk factor for persistent BHR in boys only.
Meaning: Sex-specific differences were observed in the factors associated with BHR in adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01585

Editorial

Allergy

Targeting eosinophils: another strategy for asthma treatment

Hye Mi Jee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(5):223-224. Published online March 5, 2021

Identifying phenotypes and endotypes of asthma patients is challenging, and eosinophilic phenotypes are generally characterized by severe or refractory asthma.
Biologicals targeting eosinophils are promising for the control of severe or refractory asthma symptoms.
To ensure proper treatment, increased understanding of the diverse phenotypes of high Th2 inflammation in pediatric asthma is needed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00017

Review Article

Allergy

Eosinophils and childhood asthma

Bong Seok Choi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(2):60-67. Published online January 6, 2021

Cited By 4

•In allergic eosinophilic asthma, eosinophils act as important effector cells and antigen-presenting cells, while in nonallergic eosinophilic asthma, type 2 innate lymphoid cells play an important role in eosinophil activation.
•Sputum eosinophil counts can be helpful for evaluating allergic airway inflammation in asthma.
• Anti-interleukin-5 has broadened the scope of asthma treatment.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00717

Editorial

Allergy

Insights into pediatric pollen food allergy syndrome

Jeong Hee Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(12):483-484. Published online June 1, 2020

Cited By 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01179

Review Article

Allergy

Pollen-food allergy syndrome in children

You Hoon Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(12):463-468. Published online May 14, 2020

Cited By 6

The prevalence of pollen-food allergy syndrome (PFAS) in Korean children with pollen allergy was recently reported to be 42.7%. PFAS can cause a wide range of symptoms from mild allergy to severe anaphylaxis depending on the nature of food allergens that share the epitopes with pollen. Cases of anaphylaxis caused by PFAS have recently increased. Treatments for PFAS should be individualized for patients according to the severity of symptoms.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00780

Clinical Note

Allergy

Recurrent urticaria caused by specific cat serum albumin IgE cross-reacting with pork serum albumin

Cheon Kim, Sung Won Kim, Yoon Ha Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):451-453. Published online April 6, 2020

Question: What should be considered in children who complain of pork allergies?
Finding: History of raising a cat, the onset of symptoms after the ingestion of pork and specific IgE tests to pork, cat, milk, and Alpha-gal are needed.
Meaning: Pork cat syndrome could be the cause of pork allergies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01725

Editorial

Allergy

Should we prescribe montelukast to allergic pediatric patients?

Yong Mean Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):389-390. Published online August 24, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01662

Review Article

Allergy

Montelukast use over the past 20 years: monitoring of its effects and safety issues

Yong Ju Lee, Chang-Keun Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):376-381. Published online February 5, 2020

Cited By 10

Although the efficacy of montelukast is inferior to that of ICS, both physicians and parents prefer montelukast to ICSs.
EDN may be a useful biomarker for the treatment and monitoring of preschool children with asthma.
The US FDA requires boxed warning about serious neuropsychiatric events of montelukast, therefore, physicians should consider the benefits and risks of montelukast before prescribing it.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00325

Original Article

Allergy

Ten-year trends and prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population, 2008–2017

Jihyun Ha, Seung Won Lee, Dong Keon Yon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):278-283. Published online January 29, 2020

Cited By 67

Background: Major questions remain regarding the agestratified trends of allergic diseases and asthma in Korea.
Purpose: To identify the estimated recent prevalence and 10- year trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional survey (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) over 10 years (2008–2017) examined representative samples of the...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01291

Editorial

Allergy

Trends in prevalence of allergic diseases in Korean children: how and why?

Kyung Suk Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):263-264. Published online April 13, 2020

Cited By 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00213

Are you sure that it is a drug allergy?

Eun Hee Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):213-214. Published online June 1, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01487

Review Article

Allergy

Drug Allergy in Children: What Should We Know?

Ji Soo Park, Dong In Suh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):203-210. Published online November 12, 2019

Cited By 9

The drug allergy “label” may have a lifetime of consequences for a child. Many children with alleged drug allergies are proven to be tolerant to the culprit medication when challenged. The field of drug hypersensitivity is a recently evolving field of research, but studies on its epidemiology and diagnostic tools are lacking in children. Clinical history is significant in the...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00675

Original Article

Allergy

Asthma predictive index as a useful diagnostic tool in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Korea

Dong Hyeon Lee, Ji-Won Kwon, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyo-Bin Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Gwang-Cheon Jang, Dae-Jin Song, Woo Kyung Kim, Young-Ho Jung, Soo-Jong Hong, Jung Yeon Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):104-109. Published online November 8, 2019

Cited By 4

Question: Is physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children associated with the asthma predictive index, atopic sensitization, or pulmonary function test?
Finding: Physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children was associated with the asthma predictive index, but not with spirometry, methacholine provocation test, fractional expiratory nitric oxide level, and atopic sensitization.
Meaning: Physician-diagnosed asthma in preschool children may be different from classic atopic asthma in school children or adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00640

Editorial

Allergy

Is the predictive model for asthma development useful as a tool for diagnosing pediatric asthma?

Bong-Seong Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):102-103. Published online February 5, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01557

Clinical Note

Allergy

Complement 4 levels of a 4-year-old girl with angioedema

Soyoung Shin, Yoon Tae Lee, Kyung Yil Lee, Joonhong Park, Jae Ho Lee, Eun Ae Yang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(1):30-31. Published online November 8, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00241

Editorial

Allergy

Hereditary angioedema in childhood

Young Min Ahn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(1):18-19. Published online January 15, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.01165

Perspective

Allergy

Food allergy and food-induced anaphylaxis in children: an increasing critical public health issue

Sooyoung Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(12):431-432. Published online November 12, 2019

Cited By 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00493

Original Article

Allergy

Nasal eosinophilia and eosinophil peroxidase in children and adolescents with rhinitis

Yeonu Choi, Haeun Jeon, Eun Ae Yang, Jong-Seo Yoon, Hyun Hee Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(9):353-359. Published online April 24, 2019

Cited By 5

Background: Researchers have shown that eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) is a relatively accurate marker of eosinophilia and eosinophil activity. However, its use as a marker of eosinophilic inflammation in nasal secretions is limited because the diagnostic cutoff values of EPO for use as a one-time test for allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis have not been established.
Purpose: To identify the correlation...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00318

Editorial

Allergy

Is determining nasal eosinophil count and nasal eosinophil peroxidase concentration clinically useful in children with rhinits?

Bong Seok Choi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(9):342-343. Published online July 9, 2019

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00556

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Cited By 13	Cognitive outcomes in late childhood and adolescence of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
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