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Original Article
Validation of a new Japanese classification for predicting severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants
Masato Ito, Shinya Hirano, Fumihiko Namba
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is the most prevalent chronic lung disease in very preterm infants; however, conventional classifications have limited ability to predict severity before 36 weeks' postmenstrual age (PMA). A new Japanese classification, based on small for gestational age (SGA), bubbly/cystic chest radiographic findings, and chorioamnionitis (CAM), was proposed to enable earlier risk stratification. However, its validation in homogeneous cohorts is warranted.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine...
Clinical note
Happle-Tinschert syndrome in an infant: clinical, radiologic and genetic correlation
Belén Rodríguez-Sanchez, Francisco Javier Narbona-Cárceles, Jorge Martín-Nieto González, Marina De la Puente-Alonso, Luis Ángel Zamarro-Díaz, Luis Jiménez-Briones, Julia Suárez-González, Francisco Arias-Lotto, Minia Campos-Domínguez
Original Article
Can a basophil activation test of cord blood predict a cow's milk allergy?
Dilara Fatma Kocacık Uygun, Durmuş Burgucu, Vedat Uygun, Gül Alkan Bülbül, Fulden Duyar, Cem Yaşar Sanhal, Ayşen Bingöl
Background: Food allergies affect 4%–6% of the pediatric population and are often present within the first 2 years of life. Cord blood cells and cytokines in high-risk infants can predict allergic problems; however, their predictive value remains unclear.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine whether a cow's milk allergy in infants can be predicted using a basophil activation test (BAT) of cord blood samples by stimulating basophils with...
Hemodynamics and cerebral oxygenation in the neonatal transition: a prospective pilot study
Daniel Pfurtscheller, Christoph Schlatzer, Nina Höller, Bernhard Schwaberger, Lukas Mileder, Nariae Baik-Schneditz, Magdalena Holter, Gerhard Pichler
Background: The impact of arterial blood pressure on cerebral oxygenation during immediate postnatal transition is poorly understood.
Purpose: Here we investigated the association between arterial blood pressure (BP), cerebral tissue oxygenation index (cTOI), and cerebral fractional tissue oxygen extraction (cFTOE) during the immediate postnatal transition in preterm and full-term neonates. Methods: This prospective observational study included preterm and term neonates who did...
Influence of atrial septal defect on mitral valve growth after repair of coarctation of the aorta or an interrupted aortic arch in infants
Yi-Chia Wang, Hen-Wen Chou, Chi-Hsiang Huang, Hsing-Hao Huang, Yih-Sharng Chen, En-Ting Wu, Shyh-Jye Chen, Ming-Tai Lin, Shuenn-Nan Chiu, Shu-Chien Huang
Background: Patients with coarctation of the aorta (CoA) and an interrupted aortic arch (IAA) may present with small mitral valves (MVs) and a reduced left ventricular (LV) volume. Biventricular repair (BVR) in these patients is dependent on adequate size of the left cardiac structures.
Purpose: This study evaluated the impact of the hemodynamic characteristics of atrial septal defects (ASDs) on MV...
Granulocyte transfusion improves survival in pediatric febrile neutropenia: a 15-year cohort study
Witsanu Phetsai, Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Jassada Buaboonnam, Kamon Phuakpet, Nassawee Vathana, Nattee Narkbunnam, Fon Kladed, Chayamon Takpradit
Background: Febrile neutropenia (FN) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric patients with high-risk hematologic disorders, particularly in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), where antimicrobial resistance limits treatment options. Granulocyte transfusion (GT) is considered an adjunctive therapy; however, pediatric data from LMICs are limited.
Purpose: This study evaluates the effectiveness, timing, and safety of GT in a real-world...
Prolonged cerebral oxygenation surveillance with algorithm-based management: a neurocritical care bundle for extremely preterm infants
Kai-Hsiang Hsu, Wei-Hung Wu, Shu-Yu Lin, Chih-Chen Chang, Mei-Yin Lai, I-Hsyuan Wu, Shih-Ming Chu, Ming-Chou Chiang, Reyin Lien
Background: Cerebral hypoxia-ischemia impairs brain development in extremely preterm infants and is associated with poor neurological outcomes. Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) is a noninvasive continuous monitoring method for regional cerebral oxygen saturation (rcSO2).
Purpose: This study evaluated the clinical feasibility and neurological impact of a neurocritical care bundle that incorporates prolonged multidisciplinary hemodynamic monitoring and a stepwise management algorithm. Methods: Preterm infants with...
Thrombocytopenia in preterm infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus: a retrospective cohort study
Ru Xue, Guoqing Zhang, Xiafang Chen, Jun Bu, Lanlan Mi, Fei Bei
Background: Thrombocytopenia in preterm infants born to mothers with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is poorly characterized, despite its potential link to adverse outcomes. Our understanding of platelet dynamics, risk factors, and clinical outcomes in this population is limited, necessitating further investigation.
Purpose: This study aimed to characterize the incidence, timing, and severity of thrombocytopenia in this population; to identify associated maternal...
Perinatal risk factors for hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus in very low birth weight infants
Jie Hee Jue, So Young Shin, Jae Hyun Park, Chun Soo Kim, Hee Joung Choi
Background: Multiple perinatal factors influence hemodynamically significant patent ductus arteriosus (HS PDA) in preterm infants.
Purpose: This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with HS PDA in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) and determine the predictors of surgical ligation. Methods: This retrospective study included VLBWIs born at 23–32 weeks’ gestation whose HS PDA properties could be identified using...
Improvements in obesity-related measures among Asian patients with severe obesity following a structured lifestyle intervention
Pei-Shan Chen, Shu-Mei Tsai, Chih-Hsuan Chang, Hui-Ru Yang, Yen-Ju Huang, Hsiang-Yin Liu, Kai-Chi Chang, Huey-Ling Chen
Background: The rising prevalence of severe obesity among children and adolescents poses a major public health challenge.
Purpose: In this study, we examined the differences in body composition and physical fitness between obese and severely obese Asian youth and evaluated their responses to a customized lifestyle intervention. Methods: A total of 136 overweight and obese participants (mean age, 11.5±3.0 years) were enrolled...
Longitudinal analysis of gut microbiota dysbiosis and bacterial signatures predictive of postoperative enterocolitis in children with Hirschsprung disease
Sireekarn Chantakhow, Chanon Kunasol, Jiraporn Khorana, Kanokkan Tepmalai, Nipon Chattipakorn, Siriporn C Chattipakorn
Background: We aimed to investigate differences in gut microbiota between patients with Hirschsprung disease (HSCR) and healthy children; assess longitudinal changes in the microbiota of patients with HSCR from diagnosis through postoperative period; and identify microbial markers predictive of postoperative HSCR-associated enterocolitis (HAEC).
Purpose: To investigate alterations in the gut microbiota of patients with HSCR by assessing longitudinal microbiome changes after...
Progression from acute to chronic pancreatitis in children: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Endre Botond Gagyi, Mahmoud Obeidat, Edina Tari, Szilárd Váncsa, Daniel Sandor Veres, Peter Banovcin, Peter Jeno Hegyi, Peter Hegyi, Balint Eross
Most children recover after an initial acute pancreatitis (AP) episode; however, some progress to recurrent AP (RAP) or chronic pancreatitis (CP). We aimed to quantify progression rates and identify the risk factors associated with these transitions. PubMed/MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases were searched on December 21, 2024, for pediatric studies reporting progression to RAP or CP (PROSPERO number: CRD420251086520). All...
Review Article
Sacral dimple: clinical perspectives of lesions hidden beneath the skin
Jin Eun, Kwan Sung Lee, Seung Ho Yang
Sacral dimples are the most common cutaneous anomalies in newborns. While usually benign anatomical variants, some dimples are indicative of occult spinal dysraphism, such as a tethered cord, dermal sinus tract, or lipomyelomeningocele, that, if undiagnosed, may cause irreversible neurological, orthopedic, and urological deficits. Distinguishing benign from high-risk dimples is essential for timely intervention. This review summarizes the embryological origins,...
Original Article
Discordance between antibiotic therapy and recurrent urinary tract infections in young children with thirdgeneration cephalosporin-resistant infections
Yusin Kim, Hyun A Lee, Gil Lee, Kyungseok Park, Ye Kyung Kim, Peong Gang Park
Background: Third-generation cephalosporins remain the empirical mainstay for pediatric urinary tract infections (UTIs) in Korea, yet the resistance rate now approaches 30%, thereby threatening treatment effectiveness.
Purpose: To determine whether completing a cephalosporin regimen, despite in vitro resistance, increases early UTI recurrence rates. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the cases of children aged <24 months with their first Gram-negative UTI admitted in...
Global and regional burden of neonatal disorders (preterm birth, encephalopathy, jaundice, and sepsis), 1990–2021 and projections to 2050
Yuseon Kang, Jeongseon Oh, Dongjin Yeo, Jaeyu Park, Sooji Lee, Na Yun Kim, Jungmin Park, Seung Ha Hwang, Tae Hyeong Kim, Dong Keon Yon
Background: Although most neonatal disorders are preventable, their global burden has not been comprehensively investigated in the context of underlying epidemiological patterns. Thus, here we conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of neonatal disorders and their 5 subtypes in 1990–2021 with projections through 2050.
Purpose: To comprehensively assess the global burden of neonatal disorders in 1990–2021 and forecast...
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 for preventing allergic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases in young children in China: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
ke Chen, xi Zhang, Kaihong Zeng, Jiayi Zhong, Shanshan Jin, Yang Nie, Ping Yang, Nianyang He, Haixia Chen, Yanmei Cao, Yunrong Fu, Ziji Fang, Wei Jiang, Changqi Liu
Background: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases can significantly affect children’s physical and mental health and quality of life.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80, its preventive effects on morbidities related to respiratory, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases, and its impact on the gut microbiome of children during the study period. Methods: Healthy children aged 0–3...
Assessing kidney outcomes in childhood-onset lupus nephritis: role of National Institutes of Health-modified histological indices
Nuanpan Penboon, Pornpimol Rianthavorn
Background: Childhood-onset lupus nephritis (cLN) is an aggressive disease. Although histological class has historically guided its treatment, its prognostic value remains limited. Although the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-modified activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI) incorporate glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes and may provide better prognostic insight, their utility in cLN is not well established.
Purpose: Here we aimed to assess the utility of the NIH-modified-modified AI and CI...
Telemedicine outcome of mechanically ventilated children in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units
Aristóteles Almeida Pires, Luciano Remião Guerra, Luciane Gomes da Cunha, João Ronaldo Mafalda Krauzer, Mariana Motta Dias da Silva, Vanessa Cristina Jacovas, Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda, Tais de Campos Moreira, Paulo Márcio Pitrez, Felipe Cezar Cabral
Background: Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) have undergone significant evolution, resulting in a reduction in patient morbidity and mortality rates. Telemedicine has emerged as a valuable resource for services that optimize the care processes in PICUs. Despite growing interest in telemedicine for pediatric critical care, its impact on mechanically ventilated (MV) children in public health settings in Brazil remains underexplored.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect...
Associations of routine breakfast and napping habits with early adiposity rebound by age 3 years: a population-based cohort study in Japan
Toshifumi Yodoshi
Background: Early adiposity rebound (AR) is a key predictor of later obesity and metabolic risk, yet modifiable factors related to early AR remain understudied in large populations.
Purpose: To quantify the prevalence of early AR at age 3 years and identify modifiable correlates in a population‑based cohort of Japanese preschool children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed health-check records for 74,466 children who attended...
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