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Original Article
Global and regional burden of neonatal disorders (preterm birth, encephalopathy, jaundice, and sepsis), 1990–2021 and projections to 2050
Yuseon Kang, Jeongseon Oh, Dongjin Yeo, Jaeyu Park, Sooji Lee, Na Yun Kim, Jungmin Park, Seung Ha Hwang, Tae Hyeong Kim, Dong Keon Yon
Background: Although most neonatal disorders are preventable, their global burden has not been comprehensively investigated in the context of underlying epidemiological patterns. Thus, here we conducted the first comprehensive assessment of the global burden of neonatal disorders and their 5 subtypes in 1990–2021 with projections through 2050.
Purpose: To comprehensively assess the global burden of neonatal disorders in 1990–2021 and forecast...
Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 for preventing allergic, respiratory, and gastrointestinal diseases in young children in China: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
ke Chen, xi Zhang, Kaihong Zeng, Jiayi Zhong, Shanshan Jin, Yang Nie, Ping Yang, Nianyang He, Haixia Chen, Yanmei Cao, Yunrong Fu, Ziji Fang, Wei Jiang, Changqi Liu
Background: Respiratory, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases can significantly affect children’s physical and mental health and quality of life.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80, its preventive effects on morbidities related to respiratory, gastrointestinal, and allergic diseases, and its impact on the gut microbiome of children during the study period. Methods: Healthy children aged 0–3...
Assessing kidney outcomes in childhood-onset lupus nephritis: role of National Institutes of Health-modified histological indices
Nuanpan Penboon, Pornpimol Rianthavorn
Background: Childhood-onset lupus nephritis (cLN) is an aggressive disease. Although histological class has historically guided its treatment, its prognostic value remains limited. Although the National Institutes of Health (NIH)-modified activity index (AI) and chronicity index (CI) incorporate glomerular and tubulointerstitial changes and may provide better prognostic insight, their utility in cLN is not well established.
Purpose: Here we aimed to assess the utility of the NIH-modified-modified AI and CI...
Telemedicine outcome of mechanically ventilated children in Brazilian pediatric intensive care units
Aristóteles Almeida Pires, Luciano Remião Guerra, Luciane Gomes da Cunha, João Ronaldo Mafalda Krauzer, Mariana Motta Dias da Silva, Vanessa Cristina Jacovas, Hilda Maria Rodrigues Moleda, Tais de Campos Moreira, Paulo Márcio Pitrez, Felipe Cezar Cabral
Background: Pediatric intensive care units (PICUs) have undergone significant evolution, resulting in a reduction in patient morbidity and mortality rates. Telemedicine has emerged as a valuable resource for services that optimize the care processes in PICUs. Despite growing interest in telemedicine for pediatric critical care, its impact on mechanically ventilated (MV) children in public health settings in Brazil remains underexplored.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect...
Associations of routine breakfast and napping habits with early adiposity rebound by age 3 years: a populationbased cohort study in Japan
Toshifumi Yodoshi
Background: Early adiposity rebound (AR) is a key predictor of later obesity and metabolic risk, yet modifiable factors related to early AR remain understudied in large populations.
Purpose: To quantify the prevalence of early AR at age 3 years and identify modifiable correlates in a population‑based cohort of Japanese preschool children. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed health-check records for 74,466 children who attended both 1.5- and 3-year examinations (2014–2019). Body mass...
High-dose methylprednisolone and tocilizumab improve survival of patients with high-risk pediatric acute necrotizing encephalopathy
Chaonan Fan, Fei Li, Kechun Li, Zheng Li, Yiyang Mao, Lijuan Wang, Gang Liu, Yingchao Liu, Quan Wang, Suyun Qian
Background: Acute necrotizing encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare but devastating neurological disorder in children that is typically triggered by viral infections such as influenza, sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, and human herpesvirus-6. ANE is characterized by cytokine storm and associated with high mortality; however, optimal immunomodulatory strategies remain undefined.
Purpose: To evaluate the effectiveness of multiple immunomodulatory strategies, including high-dose methylprednisolone (MP), plasma exchange (PLEX), and tocilizumab, at reducing short-term...
Clinical note
Successful rescue after catastrophic bleeding of carotid artery pseudoaneurysm following button battery ingestion in a toddler
Manjit Kaur, Ujjal Poddar, Basant Kumar, Abdul Muzil Munshi, Rajanikant Yadav, Moinak Sen Sarma, Anshu Srivastava
Original Article
Maternal sleep disorders during pregnancy and subsequent risk of allergic diseases in Japanese children: the TMM BirThree Cohort Study
Ami Uematsu, Masatsugu Orui, Mami Ishikuro, Keiko Murakami, Aoi Noda, Genki Shinoda, Taku Obara, Shinichi Kuriyama
Background: Associations have been suggested between prenatal exposure and allergic diseases in children as well as between respiratory allergies and maternal sleep disorders during pregnancy.
Purpose: This study aimed to examine the association between maternal sleep disorders during pregnancy and allergic diseases, including respiratory, skin, and ocular allergies, in their children. Methods: This study was based on the Tohoku Medical Megabank Project Birth and Three-Generation Cohort Study. Sleep disorders during...
Recurrent immunoglobulin A vasculitis in children and adolescents: prevalence and associated risk factors
Nootsara Atchariyaphuk, Maynart Sukharomana, Thanaporn Chaiyapak, Sirirat Charuvanij
Background: Immunoglobulin A vasculitis (IgAV) is a systemic vasculitis characterized by potential recurrence.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the prevalence of and factors associated with IgAV recurrence. The clinical phenotypes of childhood- and adolescent-onset IgAV were described and compared. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis included patients aged ≤18 years and diagnosed with IgAV treated in a tertiary academic center between January 2010 and December 2022. Recurrence was classified...
Gut microbiota and metabolomic alterations in newborns of mothers with gestational diabetes mellitus
Wan-Hsin Su, Yi-Wei Wang, Chien-Chang Chen, Ming-Wei Lai, Hsun-Chin Chao, Ming-Chou Chiang, Ren-Huei Fu, Pai-Jui Yeh
Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy associated with various perinatal risks in mothers and heightened risks of long-term obesity and metabolic syndrome in their children. Understanding the effect of GDM on infant health is crucial. Infant gut colonization has generated significant interest owing to its profound impact on health and potential role in later disease development.
Purpose: Here we conducted a thorough analysis...
Review Article
Exploring nutritional screening tools for hospitalized children: a narrative review
Pankaj Soni, Amit Agrawal, Gaurav Jadon
Malnutrition is common among hospitalized children, especially those who are critically ill. Routine measures, such as anthropometric measurements, body composition, and nutritional assessment, comprise the basics of monitoring. This review discusses the adequacy of nutritional screening tools (NSTs) such as the SGNA (Subjective Global Nutritional Assessment), PYMS (Pediatric Yorkhill Malnutrition Score), STAMP (Screening Tool for the Assessment of Malnutrition in Paediatrics), and STRONGkids (Screening Tool for Risk of Nutritional Status...
Original Article
Association between vitamin D polymorphisms and binding protein and COVID-19 risk and severity in children
Victoria Giatraki, Helen Dimitriou, Georgia Martimianaki, Christos Tsatsanis, Emmanouil Galanakis, Chrysoula Perdikogianni
Background: The effects of genetic background on the biological effects of vitamin D on coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in children remain unclear.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between vitamin D-related genetic background and 25- hydroxyvitamin D status and COVID-19 occurrence and severity in children. Here we explored key genetic variants within the vitamin D pathway in pediatric COVID-19 patients in relation to circulating vitamin D...
Ciclesonide shows a lung-protective effect in neonatal hyperoxia-exposed rats
Victoria Mielgo, Miguel A Gomez-Solaetxe, Lara Olazar, Begoña Loureiro, Carmen Rey-Santano
Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), a chronic lung disease primarily observed in premature infants, is attributed to a lung injury–repair imbalance. Studies of postnatal corticosteroids have failed to identify clear candidates to help alleviate high BPD rates without risks or adverse effects.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess whether the systemic postnatal administration of an alternative glucocorticoid, ciclesonide, could attenuate alterations in lung structure and right ventricular hypertrophy in a...
HLA‒B*58:01 and skin reactions in pediatric hematology and oncology patients treated with allopurinol
Parisa Maneechai, Cholada Ratanatharathron, Jassada Buaboonnam, Kleebsabai Sanpakit
Background: Allopurinol is widely used to prevent hyperuricemia in patients with tumor lysis syndrome. However, its use can trigger severe cutaneous adverse reactions (SCARs) with a mortality rate of approximately 11.39%. The human leukocyte antigen (HLA)–B*58:01 genotype is a major risk factor for SCARs. Although most studies to date have examined HLA–B*58:01 in Thai adults, data on pediatric patients are limited.
Purpose: Here we aimed to evaluate the...
Clinical outcomes and healthcare utilization of hospitalized children with influenza versus COVID-19
David Chun-Ern Ng, Chuin-Hen Liew, Kah Kee Tan, Joanne Pereira, Muhammad Ihsan Roslan, Xiang Lin Cheng, Hui Yi Lim, Farah Nuruliayana A.Nazri, Asuwani Maran, Wan Fei Wong, Yasothai Chandran, Syaniza Shaharudin, Pon Ling Lau, Naveen Nair Gangadaran, Marlindawati Mohd Ali
Background: Influenza and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are major causes of pediatric respiratory illness with overlapping clinical features but potentially differing impacts on healthcare utilization and outcomes.
Purpose: To compare the clinical presentations, healthcare resource utilization, and outcomes of children hospitalized with influenza and COVID-19 and address the gaps in pediatric data from Southeast Asia. Methods: This retrospective observational study included children aged ≤12 years hospitalized with laboratoryconfirmed influenza or...
Less invasive surfactant administration versus intubation-surfactant-extubation: a single-center retrospective study
Jithin CS, Nalina A, shashidhar A, Suman Rao PN
Background: In recent years, minimally invasive methods have been increasingly utilized for surfactant administration in spontaneously breathing preterm infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) managed with nasal continuous positive airway pressure owing to their feasibility and association with improved respiratory outcomes. However, data are limited from developing countries on the use and effectiveness of these techniques.
Purpose: The primary objective of...
Cytokine profile of Post–cardiopulmonary bypass in children
Kantara Saelim, Kanokpan Ruangnapa, Jirayut Jarutach, Pongsanae Duangpakdee, Smonrapat Surassombatpattana, Pharsai prasertsan
Background: Open cardiac surgery involving cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) triggers a systemic inflammatory response that significantly affects clinical outcomes. However, the dynamics and specific roles of cytokine release after CPB in the pediatric population remain unclear.
Purpose: To evaluate the dynamics of cytokine levels and their association with low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS)-related outcomes. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted of 32 children who underwent elective open cardiac surgery...
Assessment of natural killer cell subpopulations in pediatric patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major
Fathia Elbassal, Mohamed Soliman, Nourhan Mohamed, Mai El-Hamid, Hanan El-Sheity
Background: Iron overload is a hallmark complication in patients with transfusion-dependent β-thalassemia major, primarily resulting from ineffective erythropoiesis, repeated blood transfusions, and increased gastrointestinal iron absorption. This iron accumulation, reflected in elevated serum ferritin levels, has been implicated in immune dysregulation. Natural killer (NK) cells are a pivotal component of the innate immune system, known for their cytotoxic activity and...
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