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"Most downloaded" Articles are from the articles published in 2020 during the last six months.
- Review Article
- Oncology
- Update on infantile hemangioma
(238 times)
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Hye Lim Jung
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(11):559-572. Published online May 26, 2021
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· Infantile hemangiomas (IHs) are the most common benign vascular tumors, occurring in 5%–10% of infants.
· IHs are characteristically not present at birth but are usually diagnosed at 1–4 weeks of age, rapidly proliferate until 5 months of age, and then spontaneously involute.
· High-risk IHs (10%) require early treatment from 1 month of age.
· Oral propranolol, a nonselective beta-blocker, is the first-line treatment for IHs. |
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- Nutrition
- Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA
(175 times)
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Su Yeong Kim, Dae Yong Yi
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):301-309. Published online March 23, 2020
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Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant’s growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM. Recently, various breast milk components and their roles have been studied according to the development... |
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- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Pathophysiology, classification, and complications of common asymptomatic thrombocytosis in newborn infants
(147 times)
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Ga Won Jeon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):182-187. Published online October 18, 2021
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· Thrombocytosis, common in newborns and infants (<2 years) (3%–13%), is caused by elevated thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations.
· Serum TPO levels are significantly higher immediately to 1 month postnatal and decrease with age.
· Platelet counts are positively correlated with gestational age at birth and postnatal age.
· Thrombocytosis is more common in preterm than in term infants.
· Thrombocytosis in newborns is reactive and resolves spontaneously without complications. |
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- Infection
- Etiological and pathophysiological enigmas of severe coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease
(141 times)
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Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang, Kyung-Yil Lee
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):153-166. Published online November 23, 2021
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· Severe cases of coronavirus disease, Kawasaki disease (KD), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) share similar findings: a protracted clinical course, multiorgan involvement, and similar activated biomarkers.
· Here we propose etiological agents in KD and MIS-C as species in the microbiota and introduce a common pathogenesis through the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.
· Early proper dose of corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin may help to reduce morbidity and mortality in these diseases. |
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- Allergy
- Food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis: role of cofactors
(127 times)
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Meeyong shin
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(8):393-399. Published online November 12, 2020
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Question: What are the roles of cofactors in food allergies and food-induced anaphylaxis?
Finding: Cofactors reportedly play a role in approximately 14%–30% of anaphylactic reactions. Cofactors such as exercise, infection, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, dehydration, and alcohol can increase intestinal permeability and antigen uptake, thereby causing allergic symptoms.
Meaning: Routine assessment of the possible involvement of cofactors is essential for the management of patients with food-induced anaphylaxis. |
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- Other
- Comparison of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for undescended testis
(119 times)
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Jaeho Shin, Ga Won Jeon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):415-421. Published online March 23, 2020
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Primary caregivers should consider surgical specialist referral of patients with undescended testis if no descent occurs by 6 months, undescended testis is newly diagnosed after 6 months of age, or testicular torsion is suspected. Orchiopexy is recommended between 6 and 18 months at the latest. The original location of the testes and the age at orchiopexy are predictive factors for infertility and malignancy later in life. |
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- Pulmonology
- High-flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy in children: a clinical review
(114 times)
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Ji-Won Kwon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(1):3-7. Published online October 28, 2019
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High-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) is a relatively safe and effective noninvasive ventilation method that was recently accepted as a treatment option for acute respiratory support before endotracheal intubation or invasive ventilation. The action mechanism of HFNC includes a decrease in nasopharyngeal resistance, washout of dead space, reduction in inflow of ambient air, and an increase in airway pressure. In preterm... |
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- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of epidemiology and current treatment strategies
(113 times)
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Eun Hee Hong, Yong Un Shin, Heeyoon Cho
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(3):115-126. Published online October 12, 2021
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There have been global tri-phasic epidemic periods of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In recent years, its incidence has reportedly been 10%–40% depending on country and study population. Current treatment strategies for ROP include laser photocoagulation, surgical treatment, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, the role of which has drawn attention in recent years. |
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- Review Article
- Neurology
- Worldwide national intervention of developmental screening programs in infant and early childhood
(108 times)
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Seunghyo Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(1):10-20. Published online September 30, 2021
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∙ Prevalence rate of developmental disabilities has been reported from 8% to 15% and its rate is increasing worldwide.
∙ The critical period of intervention for developmental delay is before the child reaches 3 years of age.
∙ All primary care pediatricians should conduct developmental surveillance and screening tests to infants and children at scheduled visits. Through this, they are liable for providing early identification and timely intervention. |
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- Allergy
- Montelukast use over the past 20 years: monitoring of its effects and safety issues
(106 times)
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Yong Ju Lee, Chang-Keun Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):376-381. Published online February 5, 2020
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Although the efficacy of montelukast is inferior to that of ICS, both physicians and parents prefer montelukast to ICSs.
EDN may be a useful biomarker for the treatment and monitoring of preschool children with asthma.
The US FDA requires boxed warning about serious neuropsychiatric events of montelukast, therefore, physicians should consider the benefits and risks of montelukast before prescribing it. |
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- Neurology
- Cognitive outcomes in late childhood and adolescence of neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
(106 times)
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Bo Lyun Lee, Hannah C. Glass
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(12):608-618. Published online May 24, 2021
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∙ Cognitive impairments occur in children with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) even without neuromotor deficits.
∙ Therapeutic hypothermia has improved neurodevelopmental outcomes of children with HIE; however, 40% of children remain at risk of death/disability or cognitive impairments necessitating the development of adjunctive neuroprotective therapies.
∙ Long-term follow-up until adolescence is required to identify cognitive dysfunction.
∙ A pattern of watershed injury on brain imaging is associated with poor cognitive outcomes. |
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- Endocrinology
- Genetic factors in precocious puberty
(106 times)
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Young Suk Shim, Hae Sang Lee, Jin Soon Hwang
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):172-181. Published online October 18, 2021
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· Mutations in the kisspeptin (KISS1), kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R), makorin ring finger protein 3 (MKRN3), and delta-like homolog 1 (DLK1) genes are associated with idiopathic central precocious puberty (ICPP).
· A few genes related to pubertal onset have been implicated in ICPP.
· Epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation, histone posttranslational modifications, and noncoding ribonucleic acids may be related to ICPP |
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- Original Article
- Other
- Risk factors and screening timing for developmental dysplasia of the hip in preterm infants
(102 times)
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Ga Won Jeon, Hye Jung Choo, Yong Uk Kwon
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(5):262-268. Published online November 5, 2021
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Question: When is the best screening timing and what is the risk factor for developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) in preterm infants?
Finding: Ultrasonography performed earlier than 38 weeks of postmenstrual age caused unnecessary subsequent ultrasonography. DDH did not occur predominantly on the left side or in breech infants.
Meaning: The screening timing, etiology, and risk factors for DDH in preterm infants are somewhat different from those in term infants. |
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- Review Article
- Nephrology (Genitourinary)
- Obesity and chronic kidney disease: prevalence, mechanism, and management
(100 times)
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Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(10):511-518. Published online April 6, 2021
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· Obesity is strongly associated with the development and progression of chronic kidney disease.
· Altered renal hemodynamics, metabolic effects, and lipid nephrotoxicity may play a key role in the development of obesity-related kidney disease.
· Children born to obese mothers are at increased risk of developing obesity and chronic kidney disease later in life.
· A multilevel approach is needed to prevent obesity and related chronic diseases. |
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- Original Article
- General Pediatrics
- Risk factors for childhood pneumonia: a case-control study in a high prevalence area in Indonesia
(98 times)
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Vivi Ninda Sutriana, Mei Neni Sitaresmi, Abdul Wahab
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(11):588-595. Published online March 15, 2021
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Question: Is the incidence of childhood pneumonia influenced by breastfeeding and basic immunization status?
Finding: Exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization status have an effect in limiting the incidence of childhood pneumonia.
Meaning: While exclusive breastfeeding and complete basic immunization the Expanded Program on Immunization status are important factors for reducing the incidence of childhood pneumonia, indoor air pollution was also a significant risk factor. |
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- Review Article
- Infection
- Updates on the coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine and consideration in children
(98 times)
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Hyun Mi Kang, Eun Hwa Choi, Yae-Jean Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):328-338. Published online June 21, 2021
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· The number of coronavirus disease 2019 cases has exponentially increased worldwide, and children ≤19 years old account for 11.0% of all confirmed cases.
· mRNA vaccines, BNT162b2 and mRNA-1273, and adenoviral vector vaccines, AZD1222 and Ad26.COV2.S, authorized for emergency use in the Emergency Use Listing of the World Health Organization are reviewed.
· Clinical trials of these vaccines have shown that they are safe and serious adverse reactions are rarely observed. |
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- Review Article
- Endocrinology
- Endocrine comorbidities of pediatric obesity
(96 times)
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Jieun Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(12):619-627. Published online August 26, 2021
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∙ Pediatric obesity can involve endocrine comorbidities such as prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and central precocious puberty.
∙ Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth aged 10–19 years had a prevalence of 25.9% and 0.6% in 2013–2014, respectively.
∙ Dyslipidemia in Korean adolescents aged 10–18 years had a prevalence of 7.64% (total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL), 6.09% (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL), 8.69% (triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL), and 12.52% (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL) in 2007–2018.
∙ Metabolic syndrome in Korean youth has a prevalence of 1.9%–14.7% in males and 1.7%–12.6% in females with wide variation in definitions.
∙ Appropriate comorbidity screening and management and/or specialist referral are necessary for obese children and adolescents. |
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