Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Neurology

Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior

Gun-Ha Kim, Jung-Ok Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):274-280. Published online November 8, 2022

· The gut microbiota can alter a host’s brain development and behavior.
· Gut bacteria communicate with the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
· Fecal microbial transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for autism spectrum disorder.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01550

Infection

Global varicella vaccination programs

Young Hwa Lee, Young June Choe, Jia Lee, Eunseong Kim, Jae Young Lee, Kwan Hong, Yoonsun Yoon, Yun-Kyung Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):555-562. Published online November 2, 2022

Web of Science 35 Crossref 34

It is important to evaluate its effectiveness at the national level and to determine the varicella vaccine schedule based on the evidence generated through the studies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01564

Nutrition

Protein substitutions as new-generation pharmanutrition approach to managing phenylketonuria

Fatma Nur Keskin, Teslime Özge Şahin, Raffaele Capasso, Duygu Ağagündüz

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(8):320-331. Published online November 1, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Phenylketonuria, an autosomal recessive disease that results from the inability to metabolize phenylalanine, is currently treated with medical nutrition therapy. New treatment approaches such as tetrahydrobiopterin, glycomacropeptide, large neutral amino acids, pegvaliase, and gene therapy significantly impact disease management and dietary enrichment. This article also reviews animal and human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of these new protein substitutes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00584

Original Article

Pulmonology

Predictors of high-flow nasal cannula failure in pediatric patients with acute respiratory distress

Kantara Saelim, Busawan Thirapaleka, Kanokpan Ruangnapa, Pharsai Prasertsan, Wanaporn Anuntaseree

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):595-601. Published online November 1, 2022

Web of Science 5 Crossref 7

SpO₂/FiO₂ ratio ≤166, pediatric respiratory rate-oxygenation index <132, and clinical respiratory score ≥6 at 12 hours after high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) initiation were useful bedside predictors for HFNC failure in pediatric patients.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00241

Gastroenterology

Ability of polymicrobial probiotic and mono-strain probiotic to reduce functional abdominal pain in children: a randomized clinical trial

Seyed Sajad Jafari, Seyed Mojtaba Hashemi, Bahman Sadeghi, Amir Almasi-Hashiani

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):589-594. Published online October 31, 2022

Web of Science 4 Crossref 3

· This study compared the ability of 2 probiotics to reduce and improve functional abdominal pain (FAP) in children.
· In the polymicrobial probiotic (PMP) group, 10.34% of children reported no pain; in the mono-strain probiotic (MSP) group, all patients reported low-degree pain. The mean pain score decreased significantly over time in both groups.
· The use of both PMP and MSP is recommended to reduce pain in patients with FAP.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00339

Review Article

Allergy

New approaches to immunotherapy in house dust mite allergy

In Sik Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):161-168. Published online October 25, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) has developed over the last few decades and has emerged as a promising treatment. House dust mite (HDM) is a target allergen in AIT, and various modified HDM allergens have been improved for their efficacy. Moreover, clinical trials have proved their significantly therapeutic effects in allergy. This article review focuses on HDM allergens developed for AIT efficacy,...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00479

Gastroenterology

High-resolution esophageal manometry in children

Yogesh Waikar

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):155-160. Published online October 17, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

High-resolution esophageal manometry can be safely performed in children where recurrent vomiting and persistent dysphagia is the working diagnosis after excluding nonluminal and structural obstructive pathologies using pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Normal manometry values are available. Clinical picture, biochemical tests, radiological interpretation, and endoscopic findings with manometry completes the analysis of patients with recurrent vomiting and dysphagia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00787

Nutrition

Total energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water method in children and adolescents: a systematic review

Nahyun Kim, Jonghoon Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):54-65. Published online October 17, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 4

This systematic review summarizes convincing evidence that total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using the doubly labeled water technique increased with age from 1 to 18 years, while fat-free mass (FFM) increased with growth. TEE and in normal-weight participants, while physical activity level did not differ from that of normal-weight participants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00472

Pulmonology

Epidemiology and surveillance implications of community-acquired pneumonia in children

Eui Jeong Roh, Jung Yeon Shim, Eun Hee Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):563-573. Published online October 17, 2022

Web of Science 21 Crossref 22

The identification of the causative pathogens of community-acquired pneumonia and appropriate treatment and prevention can reduce mortality and the socioeconomic burden by reducing the medical expenses. The world has been in the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic since 2020, and there is always a risk of continuous emergence and epidemic of new respiratory infectious diseases. Therefore, it is important to sustain a monitoring system for respiratory infectious diseases including pneumonia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00374

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Ability of probiotics to reduce functional abdominal pain in children

Ji Sook Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):585-586. Published online October 6, 2022

· The ability of probiotics to relieve pain caused by functional abdominal pain disorders (FAPD) in children is unclear.
· Lactobacillus reuteri may effectively reduce pain caused by childhood FAPD.
· Since the routine use of probiotics cannot be recommended due to a lack of clinical evidence, research into probiotic mixtures or symbiotics remains necessary.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00913

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Probiotics added to maternal nutrition affect ınfantile colic symptoms and fecal microbiota profile: a single-blind randomized controlled study

Aysu Yıldız Karaahmet, Gülümser Dolgun, Metehan Özen

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):547-554. Published online September 23, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 2

Question: Do probiotics added to maternal nutrition affect infantile colic symptoms and intestinal microbiota?
Finding: Infants whose mothers ingested probiotics demonstrated decreased crying frequency and intensity and significantly increased bacterial diversity in the stools. The bacterial variety was substantially affected by the added probiotic product.
Meaning: The addition of probiotics to maternal nutrition in early infancy could play an important role in preventing infantile colic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00766

Review Article

Allergy

Management of patients with allergic diseases in the era of COVID-19

Eun Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):529-535. Published online September 23, 2022

In the early days of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, allergic diseases, especially asthma, were considered to be risk factors for severe COVID-19 infection, hospitalization, and death. These concerns stemmed from the idea that individuals with allergic diseases are generally more susceptible to respiratory virus infections, which are major causes of exacerbation of allergic diseases. However, epidemiologic data with...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00759

Perspective

Infection

Statement on healthcare system preparedness in response to COVID-19 Omicron subvariants BA.4 and BA.5 surge in Korea from the Korean Pediatric Society and Korean Society of Pediatric Infectious Diseases

Eun Young Cho, Dong Hyun Kim, Soo-Han Choi, Ki Wook Yun, Jong Gyun Ahn, Hye-Kyung Cho, Hyunju Lee, Jina Lee, Taek-Jin Lee, Byung-Wook Eun, Jin Lee, Dae Sun Jo, Yun-Kyung Kim, Yae-Jean Kim; Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):510-511. Published online September 23, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

In order to respond to the recent surge in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases and the continuously changing epidemiology of COVID-19, a sustainable and flexible pediatric healthcare system must be prepared considering the specificity of pediatric care. We demand a more proactive response from the health authorities to check the current state of pediatric COVID-19 patient care and to ensure that pediatric patients receive appropriate and timely management.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01088

Review Article

Critical Care Medicine

Ferritin in pediatric critical illness: a scoping review

Ivy Cerelia Valerie, Anak Agung Sagung Mirah Prabandari, Dyah Kanya Wati

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):98-109. Published online September 16, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

The number of studies on ferritin predictive ability in pediatric critical illness has grown exponentially over the past 2 decades. However, among the 66 of 1,580 studies analyzed here, summary statistics for overall and condition-specific studies were only reported in 45.4% and 71.2%, respectively. In contrast, ferritin as a categorical variable with a preset threshold was a significant predictor in 84.6% of studies.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00654

Editorial

Neurobehavior

Impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on children’s health

Joon Won Kang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):498-499. Published online September 16, 2022

· Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has had an enormous impact on mental health and other aspects of children’s health.
· The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder in children and adolescents have increased in the COVID-19 era.
· Cooperation among parents, guardians, academic societies, and the government is needed to maintain the mental health of children and adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00682

Emergency Medicine

Current diagnosis and image-guided reduction for intussusception in children: teamwork approach

Ji-Hyun Seo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):66-67. Published online September 1, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· The successful and safe enema reduction of intussusception depends primarily on the experience and preference of the radiologists and the availability of resources.
· The establishment of a standardized manual or protocol for reduction and pre-reduction treatment of intussusception, along with the collaboration of pediatricians, radiologists, and surgeons, is expected to improve the treatment success rate.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00927

Letter to the Editor

Cardiology

Early prophylaxis of cardiomyopathy with beta-blockers and angiotensin receptor blockers in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy

Heirim Lee, Jinyoung Song, I-Seok Kang, June Huh, Jin A Yoon, Yong Beom Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):507-509. Published online August 22, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00836

Original Article

Neurobehavior

Association between previous abortion history and risk of autism spectrum disorders among offspring: a meta-analysis

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Erfan Ayubi, Saeid Bashirian, Mahdieh Seyedi, Mohammad Rezaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):70-75. Published online August 17, 2022

Web of Science 4 Crossref 5

Question: This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between previous abortion history and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among children.
Finding: We found that the risk of ASD associated with previous abortion history had an odds ratio of 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.0; I²=61.7%).
Meaning: These findings suggest a positive and significant association between history of previous abortion and risk of ASD in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00108

Editorial

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Hypertension in adulthood is programmed during the perinatal period

Min Hyun Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):494-495. Published online August 12, 2022

Crossref 2

∙ Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and preterm birth can be significant risk factors for the development of adult hypertension.
∙ Several perinatal factors of hypertension are related to IUGR, including renal, vascular, and rapid catch-up growth.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00829

Original Article

Nutrition

Survey of Korean pediatrician’s perceptions of barriers to and improvements in breastfeeding

Seong Phil Bae, Woo Ryoung Lee, Won-Ho Hahn, Hye-Jung Shin, Young Min Ahn, Son Moon Shin, Yong Joo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim, Youn Jeong Shin, Dae Yong Yi, Soon Min Lee, Juyoung Lee, Jin A Lee, Sung-Hoon Chung, Euiseok Jung, Eui Kyung Choi, Ju Sun Heo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):540-546. Published online July 29, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

Question: What barriers to breastfeeding do Korean pediatricians perceive?
Finding: Regardless of medical institution, breastfeeding counseling for parents is currently limited, and breastfeeding is commonly discontinued due to various maternal and neonatal factors.
Meaning: To promote breastfeeding, increasing pediatrician participation in breastfeeding counseling with the establishment of appropriate breastfeeding counseling fees and the expansion of practical and high-quality breastfeeding education for medical staff should be considered.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00311

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Mediation effect of cord blood cortisol levels between maternal prepregnancy body mass index and birth weight: a hospital-based cross-sectional study

Nisanth Selvam, Jayashree K, Prasanna Mithra

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(10):500-506. Published online July 29, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

Question: What is the association between cord blood cortisol and maternal weight, birth weight, and cord blood lipid profile?
Finding: Cord blood cortisol levels did not influence the relationship between maternal weight changes or birth weight. Maternal weight changes, birth weight, and cortisol levels altered the cord blood lipid profile.
Meaning: Our findings may aid United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 3 (Good Health and Well-Being) achievement by 2030.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00122

Editorial

Endocrinology

Bisphenol A leaching from polycarbonate baby bottles into baby food causes potential health issues

Ga Won Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):450-452. Published online July 25, 2022

Web of Science 14 Crossref 16

Can bisphenol A (BPA) leach out from polycarbonate baby bottles into baby food? BPA and other toxic materials can leach out from baby bottles and increase the risk of various health problems, including endocrine disturbances. Although the use of BPA in baby bottles has been banned, many developing countries still use it, which can cause health issues. Thus, public awareness of this issue is required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00661

Cardiology

Recent research trends in Kawasaki disease-related infection

Hyang-Ok Woo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):538-539. Published online July 22, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

The incidence of Kawasaki disease has reportedly decreased since the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) quarantine. However, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children has reportedly occurred more frequently in areas where COVID-19 was prevalent than in previous years. Research into the etiology of childhood and adolescent systemic vasculitis in infection-related immune responses during the COVID-19 pandemic has increased accordingly.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00696

Original Article

Nutrition

Not breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Amir Mohammad Salehi, Salman Khazaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):28-31. Published online July 19, 2022

Web of Science 6 Crossref 9

This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between not breastfeeding (versus breastfeeding) and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children. We found that the risk of ASD associated with not breastfeeding had an odds ratio of 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.35–2.27; I²=0 %). These findings suggest the importance of breastfeeding in decreasing the risk of ASD among children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01872

Retraction Notice

Coronavirus disease 2019 in a 2-month-old male infant: a case report from Iran

Hosein Heydari, Seyed Kamal Eshagh Hossaini, Ahmad Hormati, Mahboubeh Afifian, Sajjad Ahmadpour

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):417-417. Published online July 19, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00941.r1
Retracts: Clin Exp Pediatr 2020;63(12):499

Editorial

Pulmonology

Now lung ultrasound has been established as a fundamental examination in pediatric respiratory diseases

Kyunghoon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):401-402. Published online July 13, 2022

· Several studies demonstrated the usefulness of lung ultrasound in pediatric respiratory diseases including coronavirus disease 2019.
· Knowledge of lung ultrasound is increasing, and lung ultrasound has been established as a fundamental diagnostic examination for pediatric respiratory diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00577

Review Article

Gastroenterology

Current diagnosis and image-guided reduction for intussusception in children

Jisun Hwang, Hee Mang Yoon, Pyeong Hwa Kim, Ah Young Jung, Jin Seong Lee, Young Ah Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):12-21. Published online July 4, 2022

Web of Science 10 Crossref 11

· Intussusception, the most common cause of small bowel obstruction in young children, has an overall incidence in Korea of 28.3 cases per 100,000 person-years.
· Its cause is idiopathic inmost cases, although viral or bacterial gastroenteritis has beenpostulated as a cause. Approximately 4% of children have pathological lead points for intussusception, and Meckel’s diverticulum is the most common cause.
· Intussusception in preterm infants is extremely rare. Older children (>5 years of age) are at increased risk of pathological lead points.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01816

Letter to the Editor

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

The influence of parental eating behaviors, child-feeding practices, and infants’ temperaments upon infants’ eating behaviors

Goh Woon Lim, Kyoung Min Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):466-468. Published online June 27, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01865

Review Article

Infection

Therapeutics for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 in children and adolescents

Soo-Han Choi, Jae Hong Choi, Ki Wook Yun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(8):377-386. Published online June 27, 2022

Web of Science 5 Crossref 5

· Children and adolescents with high risks for severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) should be identified and proper treatment should be provided promptly according to the patient’s condition.
· Remdesivir can be considered for pediatric patients of all ages with COVID-19 who have an emergent or increase in supplemental oxygen.
· The use of corticosteroids is not recommended for patients with nonsevere COVID-19. Corticosteroids are recommended in children and adolescents with severe and critical COVID-19.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00458

Clinical Note

Rheumatology

Haploinsufficiency A20 misdiagnosed as PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome with Kikuchi disease

Kyo Jin Jo, Su Eun Park, Chong Kun Cheon, Seung Hwan Oh, Seong Heon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):82-84. Published online June 22, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00500

Cited By 28	Neurodevelopmental outcomes of preterm infants
Cited By 27	Long COVID in children and adolescents: prevalence, clinical manifestations, and management strategies
Cited By 23	Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior
Cited By 23	Association of gut microbiota with obesity in children and adolescents
Cited By 21	Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and insulin resistance in children

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