Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Endocrinology

Moon Young Seo, Shin-Hye Kim, Mi Jung Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):382-388. Published online March 27, 2020

Questions: What are the possible effects of air pollution on the occurrence of childhood obesity and what are the mechanisms?
Finding: Epidemiologic studies suggest that air pollutants might act as obesogens in the pediatric population, and their possible mechanisms include oxidative stress, physical inactivity, and epigenetic modulation.
Meaning: This paper reviews updated information on air pollution, one of the modifiable environmental factors in childhood obesity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00010

Original Article

Neurobehavior

Association between assisted reproductive technology and autism spectrum disorders in Iran: a case-control study

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Mahdieh Seyedi, Ronak Hamzehei, Saeid Bashirian, Mohammad Rezaei, Katayoon Razjouyan, Salman Khazaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(9):368-372. Published online March 27, 2020

Web of Science 12 Crossref 14

Background: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder defined by impairments in social interaction and verbal and nonverbal communication.
Purpose: Determine the association between use of assisted reproduction technology (ART) and the risk of ASD among children. Methods: This case-control study included 300 participants (100 cases, 200 controls). The control group included women with a child aged 2–10 years without ASD,...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00073

Editorial

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Undescended testis: importance of a timely referral to a surgical specialist

Su Jin Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):429-430. Published online March 23, 2020

Crossref 2

Undescended testes (UDT) is the most common congenital genitourinary abnormality in male infants and associated with decreased fertility and a higher future malignancy risk, especially in cases of delayed orchiopexy after puberty. It is important to timely referral to a surgical specialist and timely surgical correction of UDT to improve fertility and decrease the risk of malignancy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00115

Review Article

Other

Comparison of diagnostic and treatment guidelines for undescended testis

Jaeho Shin, Ga Won Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):415-421. Published online March 23, 2020

Web of Science 22 Crossref 25

Primary caregivers should consider surgical specialist referral of patients with undescended testis if no descent occurs by 6 months, undescended testis is newly diagnosed after 6 months of age, or testicular torsion is suspected. Orchiopexy is recommended between 6 and 18 months at the latest. The original location of the testes and the age at orchiopexy are predictive factors for infertility and malignancy later in life.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01438

Nutrition

Components of human breast milk: from macronutrient to microbiome and microRNA

Su Yeong Kim, Dae Yong Yi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):301-309. Published online March 23, 2020

Web of Science 173 Crossref 191

Human breast milk (HBM) is essential for the infant’s growth and development right after birth and is an irreplaceable source of nutrition for early human survival. Various infant formulas have many similarities to HBM in many components, but there is no perfect substitute for HBM. Recently, various breast milk components and their roles have been studied according to the development...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00059

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Management of perianal abscess and fistula-in-ano in infants and children

Jinyoung Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):261-262. Published online March 23, 2020

Web of Science 10 Crossref 13

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00150

Original Article

Endocrinology

Influence of subclinical hypothyroidism on metabolic parameters in obese children and adolescents

Ozlem Kara

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):110-114. Published online March 6, 2020

Web of Science 7 Crossref 8

Question: Does subclinical hypothyroidism in obese children and adolescents affect metabolic parameters?
Finding: Insulin, HOMA-IR, and TG levels were higher and the HDL-C level was lower in patients with SH.
Meaning: A clear association is observed between SH, and insulin resistance and dyslipidemia in obese children. It can be said that the TSH may be evaluated as a metabolic risk factor in obese patients.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01536

Editorial

Neurology

Guideline for advanced neuroimaging in pediatric epilepsy

Yun Jung Hur

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):100-101. Published online March 6, 2020

Web of Science 2 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01403

Letter to the Editor

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Risk factors for BiPAP failure as an initial management approach in moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress

Heekwon Son, Eui Kyung Choi, Kyu Hee Park, Jeong Hee Shin, Byung Min Choi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):63-65. Published online February 15, 2020

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: Which factors can predict BiPAP failure as the initial management approach for moderate to late preterm infants with respiratory distress?
Finding: RDS aggravation and increased oxygen and frequency requirements during BiPAP support were associated with BiPAP failure.
Meaning: Early changes to invasive ventilator care should be considered for moderate to late preterm infants showing RDS aggravation and increased oxygen and frequency requirements during BiPAP support.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.01361

Editorial

Pulmonology

Are alternative antibiotics needed for antibiotic-nonresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia?

Eun-Ae Yang, Kyung-Yil Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):44-45. Published online February 15, 2020

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00332

Review Article

Neurology

Advanced neuroimaging techniques for evaluating pediatric epilepsy

Yun Jeong Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):88-95. Published online February 6, 2020

Web of Science 12 Crossref 11

Accurate localization of the seizure onset zone is important for better seizure outcomes and preventing deficits following epilepsy surgery. Recent advances in neuroimaging techniques have increased our understanding of the underlying etiology and improved our ability to noninvasively identify the seizure onset zone. Using epilepsy-specific magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) protocols, structural MRI allows better detection of the seizure onset zone,...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00871

Hematology

Genetic classification and confirmation of inherited platelet disorders: current status in Korea

Ye Jee Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):79-87. Published online February 6, 2020

Web of Science 5 Crossref 9

Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs), which manifest as primary hemostasis defects, often underlie abnormal bleeding and a family history of thrombocytopenia, bone marrow failure, hematologic malignancies, undefined mucocutaneous bleeding disorder, or congenital bony defects. Wide heterogeneity in IPD types with regard to the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, bone marrow failure, and dysmegakaryopoiesis is observed in patients. The individual...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00052

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Effect of red blood cell transfusion on short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants

Eui Young Lee, Sung Shin Kim, Ga Young Park, Sun Hyang Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):56-62. Published online February 6, 2020

Web of Science 20 Crossref 21

Question: Does RBC transfusion affect the short-term outcomes of VLBW infants?
Finding: The results showed that RBC transfusion was significantly related to the incidence of BPD (OR, 5.42; P<0.001) and NEC (OR, 3.40; P=0.009).
Meaning: Careful consideration of the patient’s clinical condition and appropriate guidelines is required before administering RBC transfusions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00990

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Strategies for treating and managing chronic hepatitis C in children in the direct-acting antiviral era

Suk-Jin Hong, Byung-Ho Choe

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):46-47. Published online February 6, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.01116

Systematic review and meta-analysis

Genetics and Metabolism

Global prevalence of classic phenylketonuria based on Neonatal Screening Program Data: systematic review and meta-analysis

Hamid Reza Shoraka, Ali Akbar Haghdoost, Mohammad Reza Baneshi, Zohre Bagherinezhad, Farzaneh Zolala

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):34-43. Published online February 6, 2020

Web of Science 47 Crossref 48

Question: What is the global prevalence of classic phenylketonuria based on Neonatal Screening Program Data?
Finding: The overall worldwide prevalence of the disease is 6.002 per 100,000 neonates. The highest prevalence (38.13) was reported in Turkey, while the lowest (0.3) in Thailand.
Meaning: This difference in the prevalence may be due to differences in the number of consanguineous marriages among the different regions, phenylalanine cutoff points, and sample sizes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00465

Review Article

General Pediatrics

Association between maternal smoking during pregnancy and risk of bone fractures in offspring: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Erfan Ayubi, Saeid Safiri, Kamyar Mansori

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(3):96-102. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 13 Crossref 12

Question: What is the effect of maternal smoking during pregnancy (MSDP) on the risk of bone fractures in the offspring?
Finding: After the adjustment for misclassification, MSDP may be associated with a 27% increased risk of bone fracture in the offspring (pooled odds ratio, 1.27; 95% confidence interval, 1.00–1.62; I²=0%; P=0.537)
Meaning: Preventive measures and health education programs should be designed and implemented to encourage women to stop smoking, especially during.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01466

Allergy

Montelukast use over the past 20 years: monitoring of its effects and safety issues

Yong Ju Lee, Chang-Keun Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):376-381. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 22 Crossref 20

Although the efficacy of montelukast is inferior to that of ICS, both physicians and parents prefer montelukast to ICSs.
EDN may be a useful biomarker for the treatment and monitoring of preschool children with asthma.
The US FDA requires boxed warning about serious neuropsychiatric events of montelukast, therefore, physicians should consider the benefits and risks of montelukast before prescribing it.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00325

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Short- and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants in Korea: Korean Neonatal Network update in 2019

Jang Hoon Lee, YoungAh Youn, Yun Sil Chang; Korean Neonatal Network

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):284-290. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 20 Crossref 22

The Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) has collected population-based data for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) born in Korea since 2013. The survival rate of all VLBWIs was 86% in Korea. The overall prevalence of cerebral palsy was 6.2%–6.6%. Bilateral blindness and hearing loss were reported in 0.2%–0.3%, 0.8%–1.9%, respectively. The KNN has published annual reports and papers for facilitating the improvement of VLBWIs outcome in Korea.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00822

Original Article

General Pediatrics

Ability of children to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques when using mobile apps

Savita Yadav, Pinaki Chakraborty, Arshia Kaul, Pooja, Bhavya Gupta, Anchal Garg

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):232-236. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 6 Crossref 6

Background: Children today get access to smartphones at an early age. However, their ability to use mobile apps has not yet been studied in detail.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the ability of children aged 2–8 years to perform touchscreen gestures and follow prompting techniques, i.e., ways apps provide instructions on how to use them. Methods: We developed one mobile app...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00997

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Synbiotics use for preventing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial

Ozge Serce Pehlevan, Derya Benzer, Tugba Gursoy, Guner Karatekin, Fahri Ovali

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):226-231. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 22 Crossref 23

Background: Probiotics and prebiotics have strain-specific effects on the host. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, are proposed to have more beneficial effects on the host than either agent has alone.
Purpose: We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium together with oligosaccharides and lactoferrin on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00381

Editorial

Neonatology (Perinatology)

What do we know about the long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born moderate to late preterm?

Eun Sun Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):215-216. Published online February 5, 2020

Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01340

Letter to the Editor

Cardiology

Differences over 10 years in epidemiologic and clinical features of Kawasaki disease at a single tertiary center

Hyun Su Kim, Suk Won Shin, Bo Geum Choi, Hee Joung Choi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):157-158. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01109

Original Article

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Variation in clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury in young children undergoing cardiac surgery

Hee Sun Baek, Youngok Lee, Hea Min Jang, Joonyong Cho, Myung Chul Hyun, Yeo Hyang Kim, Su-Kyeong Hwang, Min Hyun Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):151-156. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 8 Crossref 8

Question: Can clinical usefulness of biomarkers of acute kidney injury vary on the clinical circumstances?
Finding: In young children undergoing cardiac surgery, urine KIM-1/Cr level peaked at 24 hours with significant difference from baseline level and was significantly higher at 6 hours in the AKI group. However, urine NGAL/Cr and IL-18/Cr levels showed no specific trend with time for 48 hours after cardiac surgery.
Meaning: Urine KIM-1/Cr concentration could be considered a good biomarker for early AKI prediction after open cardiac surgery in young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.00913

Letter to the Editor

General Pediatrics

Effectiveness of comprehensive hand hygiene module on preschool children in Klang Valley, Malaysia

Mohd Dzulkhairi Mohd Rani, Nurul Azmawati Mohamed, Tengku Zetty Maztura Tengku Jamaluddin, Zarini Ismail, Shalinawati Ramli, Habibah Faroque, Farishah Nur Abd Samad, Abdul Rasyid Ariffien, Aisyah Ar Redha Che Amir Farid, Ilina Isahak

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):115-116. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 7 Crossref 5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01277

Editorial

Allergy

Is the predictive model for asthma development useful as a tool for diagnosing pediatric asthma?

Bong-Seong Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):102-103. Published online February 5, 2020

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01557

Hematology

When to suspect inherited platelet disorders and how to diagnose them

Eun Sil Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):98-99. Published online February 5, 2020

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01207

Original Article

Allergy

Ten-year trends and prevalence of asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population, 2008–2017

Jihyun Ha, Seung Won Lee, Dong Keon Yon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):278-283. Published online January 29, 2020

Web of Science 119 Crossref 116

Background: Major questions remain regarding the agestratified trends of allergic diseases and asthma in Korea.
Purpose: To identify the estimated recent prevalence and 10- year trends in asthma, allergic rhinitis, and atopic dermatitis among the Korean population from 2008 to 2017. Methods: This nationwide cross-sectional survey (Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey) over 10 years (2008–2017) examined representative samples of the...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2019.01291

Editorial

Allergy

Hereditary angioedema in childhood

Young Min Ahn

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(1):18-19. Published online January 15, 2020

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.01165

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Prevention and management of pain in the neonatal intensive care unit

Sung Shin Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(1):16-17. Published online January 15, 2020

Web of Science 6 Crossref 5

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.01200

Perspective

Other

The long journey toward improving children’s health: from ‘Korean Journal of Pediatrics’ to ‘Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics’

Man Yong Han, Yeong Ho Rha, Chong-Woo Bae, Baik-Lin Eun; Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics Editorial Team

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(1):1-2. Published online January 15, 2020

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.01564

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