- Original Article
- Cardiology
- Unsustainable and overworked: unpacking the challenges faced by pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in Korea
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Soo In Jeong, GI Beom Kim, Sung Hye Kim, Jae Yoon Na, Hong Ju Shin, Sin Weon Yun, Lucy Youngmin Eun, Sang Yun Lee, Chang-Ha Lee, Kwang Ho Choi, Seul Gi Cha, Mi Young Han
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(9):732-741. Published online August 6, 2025
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Question: What are the key challenges affecting pediatric cardiologists and cardiac surgeons in Korea?
Finding: Excessive workloads, low procedural volumes, and legal risks contribute to high burnout. Regional disparities limit skill maintenance and threaten workforce sustainability.
Meaning: Targeted policies ensuring fair workloads, legal protections, and regional support are essential to stabilizing the pediatric cardiac workforce and maintaining high-quality care. |
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- Review Article
- Cardiology
- Implication of microRNA as a potential biomarker of myocarditis
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Jin-Hee Oh, Gi Beom Kim, Heeyoung Seok
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(5):230-238. Published online March 2, 2022
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· Myocarditis was recently examined quantitatively as inflammation of the heart muscle based on endomyocardial biopsy, and its noninvasive diagnosis remains unsatisfactory.
· Additionally, numerous miRNAs (miR-155, miR-146b, miR-590, miR-221, miR-222, etc.) coupled with inflammation or viral activation have been examined in myocarditis patients or mouse models.
· The recent identification of mmu-miR-721 (has-miR-Chr8: 96), a myocarditis-specific microRNA, demonstrated its potential as an acute myocarditis biomarker. |
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- Reality of Kawasaki disease epidemiology
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Gi Beom Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):292-296. Published online July 9, 2019
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Epidemiologic studies of Kawasaki disease (KD) have shown a new pattern or change of its occurrence suggestive of its pathophysiology or risk factors from the first patient with KD reported in 1961. The incidence of KD in Northeast Asian countries including Japan, South Korea, China, and Taiwan is 10–30 times higher than that in the United States and Europe. Knowing... |
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- Case Report
- Cardiology
- Idiopathic midaortic syndrome with malignant hypertension in 3-year-old boy
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Kyung Jin Ahn, Ja Kyoung Yoon, Gi Beom Kim, Bo Sang Kwon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(Suppl 1):S84-S87. Published online November 30, 2016
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Midaortic syndrome (MAS) is a rare vascular disease that commonly causes renovascular hypertension. The lumen of the abdominal aorta narrows and the ostia of the branches show stenosis. MAS is associated with diminished pulses in the lower extremities compared with the upper extremities, severe hypertension with higher blood pressure in the upper rather than lower extremities, and an abdominal bruit.... |
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- Original Article
- Cardiology
- Infantile Marfan syndrome in a Korean tertiary referral center
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Yeon Jeong Seo, Ko-Eun Lee, Gi Beom Kim, Bo Sang Kwon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(2):59-64. Published online February 29, 2016
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Purpose Infantile Marfan syndrome (MFS) is a rare congenital inheritable connective tissue disorder with poor prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the cardiovascular manifestations and overall prognosis of infantile MFS diagnosed in a tertiary referral center in Korea. MethodsEight patients diagnosed with infantile MFS between 2004 and 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. ResultsTheir median age at the time of diagnosis was 2.5 months (range,... |
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- The strong association of left-side heart anomalies with Kabuki syndrome
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Ja Kyoung Yoon, Kyung Jin Ahn, Bo Sang Kwon, Gi Beom Kim, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh, Jung Min Ko
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(7):256-262. Published online July 22, 2015
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Purpose Kabuki syndrome is a multiple congenital malformation syndrome, with characteristic facial features, mental retardation, and skeletal and congenital heart anomalies. However, the cardiac anomalies are not well described in the Korean population. We analyzed the cardiac anomalies and clinical features of Kabuki syndrome in a single tertiary center. MethodsA retrospective analysis was conducted for a total of 13 patients with Kabuki... |
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- Alagille syndrome and a JAG1 mutation: 41 cases of experience at a single center
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Kyung Jin Ahn, Ja Kyoung Yoon, Gi Beom Kim, Bo Sang Kwon, Jung Min Go, Jin Su Moon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(10):392-397. Published online October 21, 2015
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Purpose Alagille syndrome is a complex hereditary disorder that is associated with cardiac, hepatic, skeletal, ocular, and facial abnormalities. Mutations in the Notch signaling pathway, such as in JAG1 and NOTCH2, play a key role in embryonic development. A cardiac or hepatic presentation is a critical factor for determining the prognosis. MethodsWe conducted a retrospective study of 41 patients with Alagille syndrome... |
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- Review Article
- Psychosocial adjustment and quality of life of adolescents and adults with congenital heart disease
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Gi Beom Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(6):257-263. Published online June 30, 2014
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The incidence of people living with congenital heart disease (CHD) has been increasing every year owing to remarkable advances in surgical and catheter intervention techniques and devices, and improved knowledge of critical care for patients with CHD. However, these patients continue to face physical, psychosocial, and environmental challenges, and a number of studies have shown higher rates of depression and... |
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- Original Article
- Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy in pediatric and congenital heart disease patients: a single tertiary center experience in Korea
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Bo Kyung Jin, Ji Seok Bang, Eun Young Choi, Gi Beom Kim, Bo Sang Kwon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh, Jung Yun Choi, Woong Han Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(3):125-129. Published online March 18, 2013
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Purpose The use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) to prevent sudden cardiac death is increasing in children and adolescents. This study investigated the use of ICDs in children with congenital heart disease. MethodsThis retrospective study was conducted on the clinical characteristics and effectiveness of ICD implantation at the department of pediatrics of a single tertiary center between 2007 and 2011. ResultsFifteen patients underwent... |
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- Case Report
- Aortic valve replacement surgery for a case of infantile Takayasu arteritis
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Hye Won Kwon, Yoon Jung Suh, Ji Seok Bang, Bo Sang Kwon, Gi Beom Kim, Eun Jung Bae, Woong Han Kim, Chung Il Noh
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(7):254-258. Published online July 17, 2012
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Takayasu arteritis is a chronic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology primarily affecting the aorta and its major branches and usually occurring in the second or third decade of life. Here, we report a case of Takayasu arteritis in a 10-month-old patient. The infant presented with signs of congestive heart failure and severe aortic regurgitation. Echocardiography and computed tomography angiography showed... |
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- Review Article
- Pulmonary hypertension in infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
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Gi Beom Kim
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(6):688-693. Published online June 23, 2010
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An increase in the number of preterm infants and a decrease in the gestational age at birth have resulted in an increase in the number of patients with significant bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) and secondary pulmonary hypertension (PH). PH contributes significantly to the high morbidity and mortality in the BPD patients. Therefore, regular monitoring for PH by using echocardiography and B-type... |
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- Case Report
- A case of adolescent Kawasaki disease with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis complicated by
splenic infarction
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Byeong Sam Choi, Bo Sang Kwon, Gi Beom Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Jung-Eun Cheon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1029-1034. Published online September 15, 2009
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Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that affects children. There are few reports that describe the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the possible infectious agent of KD. Here, we describe a case of KD in a 15- year-old boy complicated with giant coronary artery aneurysms, pericardial effusion, and splenic infarction. The clinical course of KD was... |
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- Review Article
- Intensive management of acute right heart failure
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Gi Beom Kim, Chung Il Noh
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Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(11):1041-1048. Published online November 15, 2007
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Not a few patients in children and adolescents are suffering from right ventricular (RV) dysfunction resulting from various conditions such as chronic lung disease, left ventricular dysfunction, pulmonary hypertension, or congenital heart defect. The RV is different from the left ventricle in terms of ventricular morphology, myocardial contractile pattern and special vulnerability to the pressure overload. Right ventricular failure (RVF)... |
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