Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Pulmonology

Impact of obesity on pulmonary function of preschool children: an impulse oscillometry study

Anuvat Klubdaeng, Kanokporn Udomittipong, Apinya Palamit, Pawinee Charoensittisup, Khunphon Mahoran

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):319-325. Published online November 13, 2024

Question: Does obesity in preschool children affect lung function, and which obesity indices can predict such alterations?
Finding: Preschool children with obesity exhibit impaired lung function characterized by elevated total and peripheral airway resistance. Waist-to-height ratio was the strongest predictor of such changes.
Meaning: Early obesity prevention and treatment are needed. Monitoring waist-to-height ratio, body weight, and body mass index may help identify children at risk of altered lung function.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01053

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers

Warangkana Prutipaisan, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):170-177. Published online November 13, 2024

Question: What are common tantrum behaviors in preschool children, and how frequently are problematic behaviors observed? Do problematic tantrums have a different emotional impact on caregivers compared to typical tantrums?
Finding: Temper tantrums are common in preschool children, and verbal tantrums are the most common type.
Meaning: Problematic tantrums, defined as tantrums exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, long duration (>15 minutes), or frequent occurrence (>3 days/wk), significantly affected caregivers’ emotions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00766

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Screen time among preschoolers: exploring individual, familial, and environmental factors

Sangha Lee, Donghee Kim, Yunmi Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):641-650. Published online September 12, 2024

This systematic review examined the correlation between screen time and various factors in preschoolers. Findings suggest that media parenting, including setting appropriate media limits, is crucial in protecting against excessive screen exposure. However, limited research has been done on the impact of family and personal factors, particularly with the increasing use of portable devices among young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01746

Allergy

Diagnosis and management of asthma in infants and preschoolers

Hai Lee Chung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(12):574-584. Published online April 19, 2022

Web of Science 8 Crossref 9

· Asthma in infants and preschoolers involves heterogeneous phenotypes.
· Asthma diagnosis is based on symptom patterns, therapeutic responses, and the presence of risk factors with careful consideration of differential diagnosis.
· Daily inhaled corticosteroid therapy remains the most effective strategy for managing persistent asthma symptoms irrespective of phenotype.
· Future research, including genetic and molecular studies, is needed to develop a clear definition of asthma and personalized therapeutic approaches.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01746

Original Article

Allergy

Asthma predictive index as a useful diagnostic tool in preschool children: a cross-sectional study in Korea

Dong Hyeon Lee, Ji-Won Kwon, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Hyo-Bin Kim, So-Yeon Lee, Gwang-Cheon Jang, Dae-Jin Song, Woo Kyung Kim, Young-Ho Jung, Soo-Jong Hong, Jung Yeon Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):104-109. Published online November 8, 2019

Web of Science 9 Crossref 8

Question: Is physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children associated with the asthma predictive index, atopic sensitization, or pulmonary function test?
Finding: Physician-diagnosed current asthma in preschool children was associated with the asthma predictive index, but not with spirometry, methacholine provocation test, fractional expiratory nitric oxide level, and atopic sensitization.
Meaning: Physician-diagnosed asthma in preschool children may be different from classic atopic asthma in school children or adolescents.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2019.00640

Gastroenterology

Dietary habits and gastroesophageal reflux disease in preschool children

You Jin Choi, Eun Kyo Ha, Su Jin Jeong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(7):303-307. Published online July 31, 2016

Crossref 5

Purpose

To identify the relationship between dietary habits and childhood gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in preschool children.

Methods

We performed a questionnaire study to analyze the relationship between dietary habits and GERD in 85 preschool children with GERD and 117 healthy children of the same age.

Results

Irregular and picky eating were more p–revalent in the GERD group than in the control group (odds ratio...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2016.59.7.303

Review Article

Association of wheezing phenotypes with fractional exhaled nitric oxide in children

Jung Yeon Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(5):211-216. Published online May 31, 2014

Crossref 3

Asthma comprises a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by airway inflammation, airway obstruction, and airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR). Airway inflammation, which induces AHR and recurrence of asthma, is the main pathophysiology of asthma. The fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) level is a noninvasive, reproducible measurement of eosinophilic airway inflammation that is easy to perform in young children. As airway inflammation precedes...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2014.57.5.211

Original Article

Prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in preschool children

Hyeong Yun Kim, Eun Byul Kwon, Ji Hyeon Baek, Youn Ho Shin, Hye Yung Yum, Hye Mi Jee, Jung Won Yoon, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(8):338-342. Published online August 27, 2013

Crossref 42

Purpose

Allergic disease and its comorbidities significantly influence the quality of life. Although the comorbidities of allergic diseases are well described in adult populations, little is known about them in preschool children. In the present study, we aimed to assess the prevalence and comorbidity of allergic diseases in Korean preschool children.

Methods

We conducted a cross-sectional study comprising 615 Korean children (age, 3...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2013.56.8.338

Review Article

Early childhood wheezing: various natural courses and their relationship to later asthma

Dong In Suh, Young Yull Koh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(8):259-264. Published online August 23, 2012

Crossref 3

Wheezing is one of the most frequent complaints that lead to the use of medical resources in younger children. Generally, wheezing is caused by bronchiolitis and resolves spontaneously without recurrence, but sometimes, wheezing can progress into asthma. Early data on the natural history of childhood wheezing was mostly obtained from retrospective reviews of medical records or from questionnaires, which made...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2012.55.8.259

Original Article

Reference values for respiratory system impedance using impulse oscillometry in healthy preschool children

Jye Hae Park, Jung Won Yoon, Youn Ho Shin, Hye Mi Jee, Young Sun Wee, Sun Jung Chang, Jung Hwa Sim, Hye Yung Yum, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(2):64-68. Published online February 28, 2011

Crossref 38

Purpose

The normal values for lung resistance and lung capacity of children, as determined by impulse oscillometry (IOS), are different for children of different ethnicities. However, reference values there is no available reference value for Korean preschool children have yet to be determined. The aim of the present study was to determine the normal ranges of IOS parameters in Korean preschool...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2011.54.2.64

The quality control and acceptability of spirometry in preschool children

Hyun Kyong Seo, Sun Jung Chang, Da Woon Jung, Young Sun Wee, Hye Mi Jee, Ji Young Seo, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1267-1272. Published online November 15, 2009

Purpose : We examined the ability of preschool aged children to meet the American Thoracic Society (ATS) and European Resiratory Society (ERS) goals for spirometry quality and tried to find out the major factor for improving the rate of success of spiromety test in this age group. Methods : Spirometry was performed in 2-6 aged 155 children with chronic cough or...

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Infantile risk factors for obesity in preschool children

Sun Ju Park, Jae Won Moon, Hyun Ji Kim, Min Jung Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(8):804-811. Published online August 15, 2008

Purpose : Childhood obesity is a problem that places a child at great risk for becoming an obese adult. To prevent obesity, it is important to focus on early life risk factors that may contribute to childhood obesity. The aim of this study is to find obesity-causing infantile risk factors in preschool children. Methods : A total of 223 children aged...

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Review Article

Lung function tests in preschool children

Yong-Mean Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(5):422-429. Published online May 15, 2007

Measurement of lung function is an integral component of respiratory physiology and of clinical assessment of lung diseases in school age children and adults. Pulmonary function test of infants and children under the age of 2 years have now been standardised and are being used both in research and as an adjunct to clinical management. By contrast, until recegntly, children...

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Original Article

The alteration of the positive rate of cytomegalovirus IgG antibody among preschool period children

Se-Young Seo, Sang-Jun Park, Ja-Young Hwang, Seong-Hoon Hahn, So-Young Kim, Hyun-Hee Kim, Wonbae Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):51-55. Published online January 15, 2006

Purpose : In order to evaluate the time of disappearance of cytomegalovirus(CMV) IgG antibodies from mothers, and the alteration of the positive rate of CMV IgG antibodies among preschool period children, we investigated the positive rate of CMV antibodies among preschool children. Methods : We studied 391 children who visited the Department of Pediatrics from March, 2001 to February, 2004. We...

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Functional Antibody Responses to Seven Serotypes in Pneumococcal Polysaccharide Vaccine in Children

Ji Hye Park, Hee Jung Kim, Young Mi Hong, Kyung Hyo Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1173-1180. Published online November 15, 2004

Purpose : Streptococcus pneumoniae is an important pathogen in children as well as in elderly people. The aim of this study was to assess the opsonization activity of pneumococal capsular antibody to seven serotypes in 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine before and after immunization in Korean children. Methods : Nine children from 24 to 49 months of age were immunized with 23-valent...

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