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Review Article
Global burden of asthma among children and adolescents with projections to 2050: a comprehensive review and forecasted modeling study
Tae Hyeon Kim, Hyunjee Kim, Jiyeon Oh, Soeun Kim, Michael Miligkos, Dong Keon Yon, Nikolaos G Papadopoulos
Understanding pediatric asthma is crucial to its effective diagnosis and intervention, as it may alleviate the adulthood disease burden. This epidemiological review describes the prevalence of asthma among individuals under 20 years of age by categorizing them into 3 age groups: 1–4, 5–9, and 10–19 years. Estimates were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study...
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.00423    [Epub ahead of print]
Editorial
Intermittent sigh breaths during high-frequency oscillatory ventilation among newborn infants
Ga Won Jeon
Correspondence and reply
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with systemic lupus erythematosus: a comment
hinpetch daungsupawong, viroj wiwanitkit
Review Article
Cost-effectiveness of newborn screening for severe combined immunodeficiency: a systematic review
Rezwanul Rana, Syed Afroz Keramat, Moin Ahmed
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is a rare genetic disorder that causes severe infections and death in early childhood. Newborn bloodspot screening (NBS) for SCID using the T-cell receptor excision circle assay can revolutionize the early detection and treatment of infants with SCID, leading to improved quality of life and life expectancy. This systematic review aimed to examine the cost-effectiveness of...
Original Article
Factors associated with thiamin deficiency in pediatric patients with heart disease and receiving diuretics: a single-center study
Phakwan Laohathai, Rathaporn Sumboonnanonda, Puthita Saengpanit, Chodchanok Vijarnsorn, Chatchawan Srisawat, Kwanjai Chotipanang, Sarawut Junnu, Supawan Kunnangja, Hathaichanok Rukprayoon, Phakkanan Phuangphan, Sompong Liammongkolkul, Arthima Phaokong, Narumon Densupsoontorn
Background: Thiamin deficiency (TD) manifesting clinically as wet beriberi can significantly impair a patient's cardiac function. Children with heart disease who are receiving diuretic treatment may be at increased risk for severe clinical manifestations of TD.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of TD and evaluate the association between various factors with thiamin status in pediatric patients with...
Treatment and clinical outcomes of pediatric autoimmune hemolytic anemia: real-world single-center data from Korea
Young Dai Kwon, Eun Sun Jung, Yeon Jung Lim
Background: Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is rare and characterized by hemolytic anemia with a positive direct antiglobulin test result after the exclusion of other causes. While adults often relapse within 1 year of first-line steroid therapy, children generally respond well. However, current treatment approaches lack substantial evidence and are primarily expert opinion–based.
Purpose: This study aimed to contribute our single-center...
Incidence of neural tube defects in tertiary care university hospital in Bangladesh
Ismat Jahan, Md Arif Hossain, Shah Nizam Uddin, Sadeka Choudhuri Moni, Mohammad Kamrul Hassan, Sanjoy Kumer Dey, Mohammad Abdul Mannan, Mohammod Shahidullah
Background: Although national population-based birth defect prevalence estimates are unavailable for Bangladesh specifically, data extrapolated from the March Dimes Global Birth Defects Report indicate a prevalence of neural tube defects (NTD) of 4.7 per 1000 live births.
Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of NTD among infants born at a tertiary care multidisciplinary referral hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: Live...
Review Article
Myopia: a review of current concepts, association with nonophthalmological conditions, and treatment strategy in children and adolescents
Yeon Woong Chung
Myopia, among the most common vision disorders worldwide, is projected to affect approximately 50% of the world's population by 2050. Its prevalence is particularly high in East Asia, posing a considerable public health challenge. In particular, high myopia, defined as ≤6.0 diopters, significantly increases an individual's lifetime risk of vision-threatening complications. Moreover, recent studies revealed that non-ophthalmological factors such as...
Original Article
Clinical course of children with postinfectious bronchiolitis obliterans with versus without comorbid bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Lamia Medghoul, Julien Grosjean, Christophe Marguet, Hortense Petat
Background: Post-infectious bronchiolitis obliterans (PIBO) is a rare chronic obstructive pulmonary disease that occurs after a respiratory infection. Its diagnosis is generally based on clinical history, respiratory symptoms, and computed tomography (CT) findings.
Purpose: Here we evaluated the frequency of exacerbations, clinical progress, and inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) usage in children diagnosed with PIBO with or without comorbid bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Methods:...
Review Article
NLRP3 inflammasome: A key player in neonatal brain injury
Cagla Kiser, Ilkcan Ercan, Defne Engur, Sermin Genc
Among neonates, hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is the most significant cause of mortality and hypoxia-ischemia is among the leading causes of brain damage. The microglia are primary mediators of neuroinflammation. NOD-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation is the first line of defense in the central nervous system. Numerous studies have shown that the NLRP3 inflammasome is activated and...
Original Article
Establishing an induced pluripotent stem cell bank using urine cells from pediatric patients with neurogenetic diseases
Hien Bao Dieu Thai, WonWoo Jung, Sol Choi, Woo Joong Kim, JangSup Moon, ByungChan Lim
Background: Inadequate knowledge of the fundamental mechanisms underlying pediatric neurological disorders impedes their effective treatment. Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) are essential for exploring the course of neurological diseases because they enable disease modeling at the cellular level.
Purpose: This study aimed to generate an iPSC bank using urine cells (UCs) for clinical applications, particularly the study of pediatric neurogenetic diseases....
Role of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b in Helicobacter pylori
Nashwa Mohamed, Ola Behairy, Manal EL-Defrawy, Mona Elsayed, Naglaa Alhusseini
Background: Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection is a common gastrointestinal pathogen associated with gastritis and peptic ulcers. The early detection of H. pylori–related gastritis is crucial to its effective management, especially in pediatric patients with dyspepsia.
Purpose: This study aimed to assess the expression of miRNA-146a and miRNA-125b as potential indicators of H. pylori–associated gastritis in children. Methods: This cross-sectional study...
Association between macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene and growth differentiation factor 15 gene polymorphisms and circulating levels with respiratory distress syndrome among preterm neonates
Ali Helmi Bakri, Mohammed H. Hassan, Khaled Abdalla Abd-Elbaseer, Mahmoud Abo -Alhassan Sayed, Ahmed Alamir Mahmoud Abdallah, Eman Ahmed Abd-Elmawgood
Background: In preterm newborns, neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) is among the main causes of respiratory failure and mortality. However, the effect of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) on neonatal developmental lung disease is not well documented in the literature. Moreover, little is known about the effects of growth differentiation factor-15 (GDF-15) on lung maturity in preterm infants.
Purpose: To evaluate...
Original Article - Clinical trial
Effect of vitamin C supplement in treatment of childhood pneumonia requiring hospitalization: A randomized controlled trial
Chutima Phuaksaman, Katechan Jampachaisri, Klaita Srisingh
Background: The role of vitamin C in children with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in children is controversial; moreover, a standard dose is lacking.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the ability of vitamin C to reduce symptom severity and length of hospital stay among children with CAP as well as determine its optimal dose. Methods: This randomized controlled clinical trial...
Review Article
Impact of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation on growth outcomes in mucopolysaccharidosis: a systematic review
Farzaneh Abbasi, Asal Khalili Dehkordi, Reihaneh Mohsenipour
Mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) is a group of genetic disorders characterized by defective lysosomal enzyme activity that can result in growth abnormalities and other complications. Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially bone marrow transplantation (BMT), aims to restore enzyme function and improve growth parameters in patients with MPS. This systematic review evaluates the impact of HSCT on growth outcomes, including height, weight,...
Letters to the Editor
Debate around and impact of digital screen time and media parenting on children’s development
Gowda Prashanth
Original Article
Hematopoietic stem cell transplantation in pediatric patients with type VI mucopolysaccharidosis
Vedat Uygun, Koray Yalçın, Hayriye Daloğlu, Seda Öztürkmen, Suna Çelen, Suleimen Zhumatayev, Gülsün Karasu, Akif Yeşilipek
Background: It is uncertain whether hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), versus standard enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), is effective for type VI mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS VI).
Purpose: New related advances in HSCT prompted an examination of the transplant procedures performed in a recent cohort. Methods: This single-center retrospective study reviewed the medical records of 17 pediatric patients with MPS VI who underwent allogeneic...
Clinical note
Aplasia cutis congenita with unique vascular malformation and cranial hypoplasia: a case in a preterm infant
Yasufumi Sakata, Natsumi Fujii, Sadahiro Nomura, Yoshihiro Azuma, Hiroki Hamano, Hidenobu Kaneyasu, Seigo Okada, Kazumasa Takahashi, Shunji Hasegawa
Original Article
Efficacy and safety of carbon dioxide versus room-air insufflation in pediatric colonoscopy: a randomized controlled trial
Ajay Aravind, Ujjal Poddar, Anshu Srivastava, Moinak Sen Sarma
Background: Adequately powered studies in children are scarce and there are reports on the risk of carbon dioxide (CO2) retention after colonoscopy.
Purpose: This study investigated the efficacy and safety of CO2 insufflation in children undergoing colonoscopy. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted at a tertiary care hospital between March 2023 and July 2024. We recruited 200 consecutive children...
Clinical Note
Abdominal pain in a young girl: a twist in the tale
Upasana Ghosh, Ankit Agrawal, Umesh Shukla, Vikas Jain, Deeksha Bhalla
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.01949    [Epub ahead of print]
Original Article
Somatic symptom severity during acute illnesses among children with functional gastrointestinal disorders
Rattanachart Sirinil, Anundorn Wongteerasut
Background: Functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs) are associated with various gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms, risk factors for which commonly include psychosocial and physical stresses.
Purpose: This study aimed to compare somatic symptom severity between children with FGIDs and healthy controls during acute illnesses. Methods: This was a prospective descriptive cross-sectional study whose inclusion criterion was age 4–18 years. Children were...
Nonlinear association between neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio and asthma in children and adolescents in the USA: a cross-sectional study
Chuhan Cheng, Liyan Zhang
Background: The neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is a marker of systemic inflammation associated with various diseases including respiratory conditions. However, the relationship between NLR and asthma in the pediatric population remains underexplored.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the association between NLR and asthma in children and adolescents and assess its potential role as a predictive biomarker for pediatric asthma. Methods: We...
Role of microRNA-498 and microRNA-410 in neonatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy
Eman Salah Eldeen Arafat, Hasnaa Hesham Abotaleb, Dina Abdel Razek Midan, Abdel Hamid Abdo Ismail, Zeinab Abouzouna
Background: Neonatal asphyxia is the primary cause of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), a condition characterized by hypoxic and ischemic brain damage. A class of short noncoding RNAs known as microRNAs (miRNAs) have significant regulatory functions, can function as diagnostic and developmental indicators of diseases, and are involved in disease pathophysiology.
Purpose: To study the role of microRNA-410 and microRNA-498 in neonatal HIE...
Characterization of gut microbiota in very low birth weight infants with versus without bronchopulmonary dysplasia
Anucha Thatrimontrichai, Manapat Praditaukrit, Gunlawadee Maneenil, Supaporn Dissaneevate, Kamonnut Singkhamanan, Komwit Surachat
Background: Gut–lung crosstalk is a pathway involving interactions between the gastrointestinal, respiratory, and immune systems. The immune responses of the gut and lungs are intricately linked, and previous studies demonstrated that the gut microbiota can influence systemic immune responses in the respiratory system as well as bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).
Purpose: To analyze the composition of the gut microbiota in very low...
Evaluation of total serum bilirubin thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy in jaundiced neonates: a randomized study
Nidhi Jain, Ajay Kumar
Background: To evaluate the outcomes of jaundiced neonates using two different total serum bilirubin (TSB) thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy.
Purpose: The study aims to evaluate the outcomes of jaundiced neonates by comparing two different total serum bilirubin (TSB) thresholds for discontinuing phototherapy. Methods: All consecutive jaundiced neonates in a tertiary care hospital with a gestational age of ≥35 weeks and ≥3...
Serum amyloid A and proadrenomedullin as early markers in critically ill children with sepsis
Nagwan Saleh, Wafaa Abo El Fotoh, Mona Habib, Salem Deraz
Background: Pro-adrenomedullin (pro-ADM), the most stable part of ADM, serves as an indirect marker of ADM levels. Serum amyloid A (SAA) is a protein produced primarily in the liver during acute inflammation.
Purpose: To assess the role of SAA and pro-ADM, individually and in combination, as diagnostic and prognostic markers in pediatric sepsis. Methods: This prospective case-control cohort study included...
Review Article
Protocolized sedation may reduce ventilation and sedation requirements in the pediatric intensive care unit: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Ambrus Szemere, Alíz Fazekas, Anna Réka Sebestyén, Rani Ezzeddine, Veronika Upor, Marie Anne Engh, Péter Hegyi, Zsolt Molnár, Klára Horváth
This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of protocolized sedation in mechanically ventilated pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) patients. A comprehensive search was conducted in MEDLINE, CENTRAL, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus from inception to October 18, 2023. Randomized controlled trials and observational studies that compared protocol-directed sedation management with conventional sedation regimens in pediatric patients who...
The Korea Infant Physical Growth Examination Survey (KIPGroS): a study protocol
Jong Woo Hahn, MinSoo Shin, Jin Gyu Lim, Yoon-Joo Kim, Ki Soo Kang, Narae Lee, Seong Hee Jeong, Mun Hui Jeong, Yeoun Joo Lee, Eui Kyung Choi, Jung Ok Shim, Jee Yoon Park, Chan-Wook Park, Joo Young Kim, Su Jin Jeong, Young Hwa Jung, Jaehyun Kim, Chang Won Choi, Ju Whi Kim, Seung Han Shin, Yun Jeong Lee, Young Ah Lee, Choong-Ho Shin, Seung-sik Hwang, Young Eun Kim, Youn Ha Kang, Kyungwon Oh, Sungha Yun, Jae Sung Ko, Jin Soo Moon
The suitability of World Health Organization (WHO) growth charts for assessing the growth of children under 3 years of age in all countries remains controversial, and their applicability must be evaluated based on country-specific growth data. The Korea Infant Physical Growth Examination Survey evaluated the suitability of WHO growth charts to contribute to the next revision of growth charts in Korea.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00297    [Epub ahead of print]
Perspective
Other
Telemedicine in pediatrics: things to consider
Sandhya J. Kadam, Archana Reddy Bongurala
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(4):326-328.   Published online February 3, 2025
This article highlights the benefits, challenges, and current significance of telemedicine. Future research is needed, primarily to address the challenges of optimizing the implementation of telehealth. To use telemedicine effectively and efficiently for the timely diagnosis and management of patients, an evaluation of current telemedicine practice is needed. Analysis of shortcomings and advantages can help enhance healthcare delivery to pediatric patients, making it more accessible for future use.
Original Article
COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy among parents of children with systemic lupus erythematosus
Karnchanit Sausukpaiboon, Nuanpan Penboon, Pornpimol Rianthavorn
Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination remains an essential strategy for reducing disease burden. Specific guidelines for vaccinating children with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are currently unavailable, highlighting the gap in tailored recommendations for this population.
Purpose: This study aimed to estimate parental intention to vaccinate children with SLE against COVID-19 and identify factors associated with this intention. It also explored...
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