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Original Article
Affecting Factors of Insulin Resistance in Obese Children and Adolescents
Duk Hee Kim, Ho Seon Eun, In Kyung Choi, Ho Seung Kim, Bong Soo Cha, Dong Kee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(10):1076-1081.   Published online October 15, 2005
Purpose : Insulin resistance is the most important risk factor linked to the development of impaired glucose tolerance(IGT), diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular diseases in childhood and adolescent obesity, The purpose of this study was to see whether insulin resistance of obese adolescent is higher than that of obese children. and to analyze gender difference and affecting factors of insulin resistance. Methods...
Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Measurement in Obese Children
Kyung Ok Park, Suk Ju Choi, Hee Hyun Yeom, Sochung Chung, Jeong Jin Yu, Youngshin Park, Dong Hwan Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):935-938.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of the present study was to ascertain whether the increase of carotid intima- media thickeness(cIMT) as one of premature pathologic changes of atherosclerosis, was present in obese children compared to normal weight children. Methods : The obese group consisted of 21 obese/overweight(body mass index(BMI) above 85 percentile of age, sex standards) children and the control group of...
Measurement of the Common Carotid Artery by Ultrasound as a Predictor of Atherosclerosis in Obese Adolescents
Ye Jin Kim, Yoon Hee Shim, Joung Hyun Yoo, Keun Lee, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(7):745-752.   Published online July 15, 2005
Purpose : Adolescent obesity is known to be associated with complications such as hypertension, coronary artery disease and insulin resistance. We measured the common carotid artery by ultrasound as a predictor of atherosclerosis, and investigated the relationship between carotid artery parameters and serum cytokines in obese adolescents. Methods : Twenty-nine obese adolescents(16-17 years old, obesity index>130 percent) and twenty- seven...
Pulmonary Function Test and Body Composition Analysis in Obese Children
Jee Seon Shin, Ji Hye Park, Ji Young Kim, Su Jung Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):588-593.   Published online June 15, 2005
Purpose : Obesity is associated with disturbances of ventilatory functions in adults. But few studies have evaluated the pulmonary complications of obesity in the pediatric population. The purpose of this study is to clarify the effects of obesity on pulmonary function and body composition in obese children. Methods : Forty seven obese children whose ages ranged from nine to twelve...
Serum Adiponectin Levels and Insulin Resistance in Obese Children
Hee-Sun Lee, Jin Lee, Min-Joo Kang, Byung-Min Choi, Kee-Hyoung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):481-487.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Adiponectin, adipose tissue-specific protein, has anti-inflammatory and anti-atherogenic properties. It has been found to have a negative correlation with obesity and to play a role in modulating glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity. Serum adiponectin concentrations are decreased in adults with obesity and type 2 diabetes. We investigated the difference in adiponectin levels between obese and non-obese children, and...
Correlation of Body Mass Index, Body Fat Distribution, Aminotranferases and Computed Tomography in Obese Children with Fatty Liver
So Eun Park, Hye Ran Yang, Ju Young Chang, Jae Sung Ko, Jeong Kee Seo, Whal Lee, Woo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):276-283.   Published online March 15, 2005
Purpose : Visceral fat accumulation plays a major role in metabolic complications of obesity. It is known that nonalcoholic fatty liver in obese adults is associated with visceral fat accumulation. Body mass index(BMI) is used as the index of obesity in children. The aim of this study is to evaluate the correlation of BMI and visceral adipose tissue(VAT), and the...
Medical Lecture Course
Recent Advances in Regulating Energy Homeostasis and Obesity
Mi Jung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):126-137.   Published online February 15, 2005
New insights in the complex metabolic pathways and its control mechanism for energy homeostasis have refined our understanding of the pathophysiology of obesity. It is now recognized that there are several additional regulatory mechanism such as peripheral signals including leptin, ghrelin, GLP-1 and PYY and cellular signals including uncoupling proteins and β Adrenergic receptors, which contribute to the regulation of...
Original Article
The Prevalence of Obesity, Serum Lipid Levels and Age at Menarche in Adolescent Female Athletes
Bo Young Kang, Yang Kyong Kim, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Kyung Ja Chang, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):21-26.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : The aim of this study is to find the prevalence of obesity, the serum lipid levels and the age at menarche in adolescent female athletes and to examine the effects of exercise in adolescent stage. Methods : With a questionnaire regarding their age at menarche, physical measurement, body fat, and blood samples of the serum lipid levels to...
Prevalence of the Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Obese Children
Sung Woog Hwang, Duk Hee Kim, Ho Seong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):13-20.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : Obesity is, along with metabolic syndrome, closely related with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. This study tried to evaluate the prevalence of nonalcoholic liver disease in obese children and verify the factors associated with the disease. Methods : Two hundred and seventy nine children who showed a body mass index of 95 percentile over the baseline in health examinations...
Applicability of the "Questionnaire on Risk Factors Associated with Obesity in Adolescents" in School-Based Screening to Prevent Life Style Disease as a Result of Complicated Adolescent Obesity
Yoon Hee Shim, Ji Young Kim, Soo Jeung Lee, Su Jin Cho, Whaan Kuck Yeong, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(12):1266-1272.   Published online December 15, 2004

Purpose: The prevalence of obesity and complications related to obesity among Korean adolescents were reviewed. To prevent obesity related complications in adolescents, the applicability of the "Questionnaire on risk factors associated with obesity in adolescents" as an assessment and management guideline was evaluated. Methods: Weight, height, blood pressure and serum lipid and glucose level of 7,265 high school students in Seoul...
Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Obese Children
Jin Ha Chang, Duk Hee Kim, Ho-Seong Kim, In Kyoung Choi, My Young Cheong, Dong Kee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1149-1156.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : Obesity has been known to be a cause of insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, and along with coronary artery disease and diabetes, is associated with metabolic syndrome(MS). This study aimed to ascertain the cause and prevalence of MS in obese children and adolescents. Methods : Two hundred and seventy-seven school children, who showed more than a 95th percentile of body...
Factors Affecting the Increments of Body Mass Index in Adult Survivors of Childhood Brain Tumors
Jae Ho Yoo, Sung Yeon Ahn, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):970-977.   Published online September 15, 2004
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the factors affecting the increments of body mass index(BMI) in adult survivors from childhood brain tumors. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed medical records of 63 patients who were diagnosed with brain tumors and treated at Seoul National University Children's Hospital between 1982 and 2000. We evaluated the factors affecting adult BMI(aBMI)...
A Study for Adiponectin in Obese Adolescents with Hypertension
Jee Yoon Park, Su Jin Cho, Kyung Hyo Kim, Young Mi Hong, Keun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):719-725.   Published online July 15, 2004
Purpose : The adipocyte has traditionally been known as a reservoir for energy, but currently there is growing evidence that the adipocyte plays an important role in the pathogenesis of energy metabolism and homeostasis. Adipocytokine released from the adipocyte has been known to play a role in diabetes mellitus, coronary artery disease and other diseases related with obesity. The purpose...
Correlation between Percentage of Body Fat by BIA and Other Obesity Indices
Su Jin Kim, Su Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):491-495.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Obesity is becoming a serious health problem in schoolage children and adolescents. There are several parameters to estimate obesity such as body mass index(BMI), skinfold thickness, obesity index and weight for height. Each parameter has some advantages and disadvantages. Bioelectrical impedance analysis(BIA) seems to be a simple, reproducible, objective and cost effective method for fat evaluation. But there...
Correlation of Measurements for Body Fat in Obese Children
Jong Hoon Kim, In Seok Lim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):485-490.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Measurement of body fat in obese children is useful not only in evaluating health hazard but also in establishing standards of treatment and evaluating the effectiveness of treatment. In the field of clinical and laboratory study, there are various methods with different reliability, propriety, convenience, and expenses. However, the practical value of these studies is limited in Korea,...
The Prevalence of Childhood and Adolescent Obesity in Jeju and Clinical Characteristics according to the Degree of Obesity
Jung Ho Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):362-367.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : Recently, childhood obesity has increased and became a major health concern in Korea. The aim of this study is to examine the prevalence of childhood and adolescent obesity in Jeju and to analyze clinical characteristics according to the degree of obesity. Methods : A total of 3,643 students from April 2002 to August 2002 were studied. To examine the...
Trend of Obesity in School Age Children in Seoul Over the Past 23 Years
Young Shin Park, Dong Hwan Lee, Joong-Myung Choi, Yun Ju Kang, Chong Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):247-257.   Published online March 15, 2004
Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the change in prevalence and the epidemiology of obesity in school age children of Seoul, Korea during the last 23 years with coherency and under the same standards. Methods : We used the new 1998 standard weight for height to calculate obesity on the personal data from five years and produced...
A Study of the Relationship between Childhood Obesity and Beverage Intake
Ji Hyun Oh, In Keun Kwak, Seung Yang, Il Tae Hwang, Ji Ah Jung, Hae Ran Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1061-1066.   Published online November 15, 2003
Purpose : The rising prevalence of childhood obesity may be due to an energy imbalance between food intake and energy expenditure. Recently, consumption of beverages in children has increased. The aim of this study is to provide useful information for the prevention and the control of childhood obesity by assessment of variable beverage consumption. Methods : Fight hundred seventy seven children(M...
Effective Screening Test for Obesity in Obese Adolescents and the Correlation Among Obesity Index, Body Mass Index and Serum Lipid Profile
Tae Jung Sung, Dal Hyun Kim, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Kyung Ja Chang, Jun Young Park, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(3):217-223.   Published online March 15, 2003
Purpose : Every year, there is a remarkable increase in the prevalence of children with excess body fat. The aim of this study is to find a useful screening method in assessing adolescent, obesity and to specify the predictable risk factors that are related to adult cardiovascular disease according to BMI and obesity index. Methods : From July to November in...
A Study on Awareness and Knowledge of Obesity, Life Style, and Eating Habits According to Body Mass Index in High School Students
Mi Jung Kim, Kwang Hae Choi, Kyeong Soo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1491-1496.   Published online December 15, 2002
Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the level of obesity awareness and to help to prevent and to treat obesity by examining the relationship between knowledge of obesity and life style. Methods : Of the students who were surveyed, 1514 answered seriously and were accepted as subjects for the study. The questionaire was anonymous and was filled in by...
The Prevalent Rates of Abnormal Serum Aminotransferase Levels and Total Cholesterol Levels among Adolescents with Obesity
Hyun Oh Jang, Chong Guk Lee, Yun Ju Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1484-1490.   Published online December 15, 2002
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to look at prevalences of abnormal serum aminotransferase levels and abnormal serum total cholesterol levels among adolescents with obesity in Seoul area. Methods : Body mass index[BMI(kg/m2)], serum aspartate aminotransferase(AST) alanine aminotransferase(ALT), and total cholesterol levels were measured in 26,876 adolescents(male : 13,287, female : 13,589) of first grade of high school in...
Prevalence and Associated Factors of Snoring in School-Aged Children
Sung Jong Cho, Eun Young Kim, Young Il Rho, Eun Suk Yang, Young Bong Park, Kyung-Rye Moon, Chul-Gab Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(11):1340-1345.   Published online November 15, 2002
Purpose : We studied the prevalence of snoring and its association with diseases, obesity and environmental factors, as well as sleep disturbance arising from snoring, in school-aged children. Methods : The survey was performed by a special questionnaire on 1,707 children at elementary schools from 1 to 30 July 2001 in Gwangju City. The prevalence of snoring, associated factors, and sleep...
Serum Fatty Acid and Carnitine Levels in Obese Children with Fatty Livers
Jin Bum Lee, Jae Won Lee, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(9):1083-1089.   Published online September 15, 2002
Purpose : The prevalence of obese children has recently increased. Obesity is known to be associated with complications such as hypertension, fatty liver, hyperlipidemia, and insulin resistance. L-carnitine is an essential cofactor for the transport of long chain fatty acids into mitochondria for β-oxidation. The purpose of this study is to measure serum free fatty acid and carnitine levels, and...
Changes of Serum Fatty Acid and Carnitine Levels after Administration of L-carnitine in Rats
Jae Won Lee, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(9):1075-1082.   Published online September 15, 2002
Purpose : Obesity is known to be associated with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and fatty liver and is thought to be associated with increased levels of free fatty acids. One of the strategies for decreasing free fatty acid levels is stimulation of hepatic lipid oxidation with L-carnitine. Carnitine is an essential cofactor for transport of long-chain fatty acid into mitochondria for oxidation....
Effects of Insulin Level on Dyslipidemia in Children with Simple Obesity
Jung Sub Lim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):764-772.   Published online June 15, 2002
Purpose : Obesity is closely related to insulin resistance, compensatory hyperinsulinemia and dyslipidemia in adults. We identified the effect of obesity measured by BMI and insulin resistance on dyslipidemia in children and adolescents. Methods : The fasting serum insulin, glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL- and LDL-cholesterol were measured and insulin resistance(HOMA-IR) was calculated in 35 children with simple obesity(age :...
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Children
Jee Min Park, Eun Gyong Yoo, Duk Hee Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(5):646-653.   Published online May 15, 2002
Purpose : The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children has been increasing worldwide recently, which is thought to be related to the increasing prevalence of obesity. We investigated to evaluate the incidence and the characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus in children and also analysed the relationship between intrauterine growth retardation and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods :...
Effects of Obesity on Pulmonary Functions in Children
Seok Won Park, Hwang Min Kim, Jong Soo Kim, Jae Kuk Cha, Hae Ran Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(5):588-595.   Published online May 15, 2002
Purpose : The incidence of obesity has increased in Korea recently. Obesity leads to higher risks of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and insulin resistance. It also leads to risks of respiratory complications. This study was performed to see the effects of obesity on children's pulmonary functions and on developed bronchospasm after exercise loading according to their obesity degrees. Methods : 257 obese...
The Prevalence of Obesity and Underweight in Adolescents in Incheon Area and the Relationship between Serum Cholesterol Level and Obesity
Myung Hyun Kim, Tae Wan Kim, Young Jin Hong, Byong Kwan Son, Soo Hwan Pai, Kyung Ja Chang, Soon Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(2):174-182.   Published online February 15, 2002
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of obese and underweight adolescents in Incheon area and to examine the relationship between serum cholesterol level and obesity, then to assess the nutritional condition of adolescents. Methods : With a questionnaire regarding their demographic characteristics, blood samples were obtained from apparently healthy students aged 12 to 24 years...
The Relationship Between Obesity and Depressive Trends in Elementary School Children
Seon Mi Park, Eun Young Kim, Young Il Rho, Sang Kee Park, Yeong Bong Park, Kyung Rye Moon, Kyung Sik Pyo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(1):10-15.   Published online January 15, 2002
Purpose : This study was designed to evaluate the relationship between obesity and depressive trends in elementary school children. Methods : In 1999, we surveyed 2,091 elementary school children(1,079 boys and 1,012 girls) whose ages ranged from 10 to 12 years. Obesity was defined as an obesity index over 20 percent. The degree of depression was compared between the obese group...
Six Year Follow-up of Childhood Obesity
Eun Young Kim, Young Il Rho, Eun Seok Yang, Sang Kee Park, Yeung Bong Park, Kyung Rye Moon, Chul Gab Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(11):1295-1300.   Published online November 15, 2001
Purpose : To examine the prevalence of obesity in elementary school-aged children in Gwangju, and long term courses of those obese children. Methods : We examined children aged 7 to 12 in the total number of 3,028 elementary school students consisting of 1,579 boys and 1,449 girls between 1994 and 1999. Obesity was defined as weight that exceeded the standard weight...
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