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Original Article
Change of interictal epileptiform discharges after antiepiletic drug treatment in childhood epilepsy
Mun Ju Kim, Sang Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(4):560-564.   Published online April 15, 2010
Purpose : Electroencephalography (EEG) findings can play a critical role in a variety of decisions, including initiation and withdrawal of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) therapy. Interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs) are predictor of recurrent seizures. We investigated IEDs in EEG after AED therapy and related factors in epileptic children. Methods : The subjects were 257 children [151 males and 106 females; age,...
Case Report
A case of hippocampal sclerosis diagnosed as cortical dysplasia due to preoperative brain MRI finding
Jun Seok Lee, Kyo Ryung Kim, Jeong Tae Kim, Min Jung Choi, Young Mock Lee, Heung Dong Kim, Joon Soo Lee, Dong Seok Kim, Tae Seong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):106-110.   Published online January 15, 2010
Hippocampal sclerosis (HS) is one of the most common features of intractable temporal lobe epilepsy. Generally it can be identified through brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) with high degree of sensitivity and specificity. Typical brain MRI findings of HS are hippocampal atrophy with hyperintense signal confined to the lesion. On the other hand cortical dysplasia exhibits blurring of the gray-white...
Original Article
Mediating effect of perceived stigma against epilepsy on quality of life among parents with epileptic child
Nho Eun Kim, Sung Min Cho, Dong Wook Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1005-1014.   Published online September 15, 2009

Purpose:Epilepsy of child may cause high level of psychosocial difficulties for parents including stigmatization and stress and therefore worsen their quality of life (QOL). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of perceived stigma against epilepsy on QOL among parents with epileptic child. Methods:Two hundred and sixty parents of epileptic child recruited from five separated university...
Proteomic analysis of human serum from patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
Chang Woo Lee, Seung Taek Yu, Ha Young Choi, Bun Jeong Koh, Yong Guen Kwak
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):567-575.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : Epilepsy affects more than 0.5% of the world's population. It has a large genetic component and is caused by electrical hyperexcitability in the central nervous system. Despite its prevalence, the disease lacks definitive diagnostic serological biomarkers. To identify potential biomarkers for epilepsy by a convenient method, we analyzed the expression of serum proteins, reflecting alterations in the patient's...
Assessment of parental understanding of epilepsy and effects of educational programs in an epilepsy camp
Sung Min Cho, Soon Hak Kwon, Doo Kwun Kim, Jun Sik Kim, Han Koo Moon, Hye-Eun Se, Kye Hyang Lee, Eun Ju Lee, Jun Hwa Lee, Nho Eun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):549-556.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To assess parental knowledge and understanding of epilepsy including social stigma and evaluate the effects of educational programs on parents in an epilepsy camp. Methods : We conducted an epilepsy camp on August 23-24, 2008, at Gyeongsan. Twenty families with an epileptic child each participated in the camp. We performed a survey before and after the camp to...
Clinical manifestations and neuroimaging findings of schizencephaly in children
Jae Rang Lee, Seung Kim, Young Mock Lee, Joon Soo Lee, Heung Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):458-463.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : Schizencephaly is a uncommon congenital brain anomaly characterized by congenital clefts spanning the cerebral hemispheres from pial surface to lateral ventricles and lined by gray matter. In this study, we investigated the clinical manifestation and radiologic findings of pediatric schizencephaly. Methods : The data of 13 patients who were diagnosed with schizencephaly in Severance Childrens Hospital and Yongdong...
Changes in platelet counts caused by valproate in children with epilepsy
Ju Hee We, Young Mi Kim, Sang Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):75-80.   Published online January 15, 2009
Purpose : In adults, valproate (VPA) has been reported to be associated with thrombocytopenia. However, few studies have investigated this association in children, and the factors affecting platelet counts remain controversial. This study was undertaken to investigate changes in platelet counts following VPA therapy and related factors in children with epilepsy. Methods : Our subjects comprised 75 epileptic children who...
Review Article
Epilepsy in various metabolic disorders
Young-Mock Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1290-1294.   Published online December 15, 2008
Seizures are a frequent symptom in metabolic disorders, although metabolic disorders are rarely found to be the cause of epilepsy. A precise diagnosis might not only influence treatment, but it might also call for counseling of the family, even if there are no direct therapeutic consequences. We review the main characteristics of epilepsy in metabolic disorders with regard to energy...
Original Article
The long-term follow-up of height in children with epilepsy
Ju Hee We, Sang Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1090-1095.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : To assess the height growth of children with epilepsy receiving antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) and the related factors. Methods : The subjects were 148 children diagnosed with epilepsy at Pusan National University Hospital between January 1996 and December 2003, who received AEDs for more than 3 y. We measured height at the initiation of AED medication and at the...
Comparative study of typical and atypical benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (Rolandic epilepsy)
Junhyuk Song, Kyuha Lee, Sajun Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1085-1089.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aims to examine and compare the features of rolandic epilepsy. Methods : Of 158 patients selected retrospectively, 116 had typical (group A) and 42 had atypical (group B) rolandic epilepsy, as defined by Worrall's criteria. Results : The age at onset of the seizures in group A was 8.6¡¾2.0 y and 6.2¡¾1.7 y in group B...
Use of herbal medicine in epileptic children
Jee Yeon Lee, Wook Sun Choi, So-Hee Eun, Baik-Lin Eun, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):415-419.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : Herbal medicine is thought to be widely used by children with epilepsy, but there have been few studies. This study aimed to investigate the perceptions and the actual conditions of usage of herbal medicine by children with epilepsy. Methods : From July to August 2007, three hundred seventy eight questionnaires were completed by parents of epileptic children who visited...
The age and dose-related hyponatremia during carbamazepine and oxcarbazepine therapy in epileptic children
Kyu Ha Lee, Jun Hyuk Song, Sung Ho Cha, Sa Jun Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(4):409-414.   Published online April 15, 2008
Purpose : To assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in epileptic children receiving carbamazepine or oxcarbazpine, we investigate serum sodium changes according to age, serum carbamazepine level, and daily oxcarbazepine dosage, and the prevalence of symptoms of hyponatremia. Methods : We reviewed the clinical data of the 197 children receiving carbamazepine and/or oxcarbazepine with or without antiepileptic therapy. And these were classified...
Acoustic differences according to the epileptic focus in benign partial epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes patients
Jung Tae Kim, Sang Hoon Choi, Sun Jun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(9):896-900.   Published online September 15, 2007
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the speech problems in benign rolandic epilepsy (BRE) according to the seizure focus in EEG and semiology. Methods : Twenty three patients [right origin (13 patients) or left side (10 patients)] who met the BRE criteria by International League Against Epilepsy (ILAE) were prospectively enrolled. We excluded the patients who...
Unprovoked seizures in children with complex febrile convulsion; short-term outcome
Ji Yeon Choi, Eun Jung Cheon, Young Hyuk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):757-760.   Published online August 15, 2007
Purpose : Febrile convulsions (FC) were considered to be a benign seizure syndrome that is distinct from epilepsy. But it is thought that children with complex features i.e., partial or prolonged seizures or multiple episodes of FC would bear a higher risk of developing unprovoked seizures. The aim of this study is to look into the relative significance of each...
Review Article
Non-epileptic paroxysmal events during sleep - Differentiation from epileptic seizures -
In Kyu Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(8):726-731.   Published online August 15, 2007
This review describes the wide spectrum of paroxysmal events during sleep in infancy and childhood. The differential diagnosis between sleep-related non-epileptic paroxysmal events and epileptic seizures is difficult in special occasions. The nocturnal frontal lobe seizure and of the more common non- epileptic paroxysmal events during sleep are described. The main differentiating features characterizing parasomnias are: onset in early...
Original Article
Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of headache comorbidity with epilepsy in children and adolescents
Young Il Rho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):672-677.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : To assess the prevalence and characteristics of headache comorbidity with epilepsy in children and adolescents in a specialty epilepsy clinic. Methods : Two hundred twenty nine consecutive patients attending the Chosun University Hospital Pediatric Epilepsy Clinic (mean age 10.0?.1 years, range 4-17, M:F ratio 1.1:1.0) were interviewed with a standardized headache questionnaire. Headache was classified according to the...
Clinical study in children with cerebral palsy associated with or without epilepsy
Yongjoo Ahn, Hyejeon Chung, Suk Youn, Euihyun Cho, Sajun Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):529-532.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : To study the spectrum of epilepsy in children with cerebral palsy. Methods : A total of 93 consecutive patients with cerebral palsy(CP) were retrospectively suited. Criteria for inclusion were a follow-up period of at least 2 years. The study examined the correlation between the incidence of epilepsy and seizure types in the different forms of CP. Other factors associated...
The efficacy of ketogenic diet in childhood intractable epilepsy with malformation of cortical development
Young-Mock Lee, Du Cheol Kang, Da Eun Chung, Hoon Chul Kang, Heung Dong Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):192-197.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : Malformation of cortical development(MCD) constitutes an important etiology of intractable epilepsy and is considered an indication for surgical treatments, though their efficacy is limited and variable depending on MCD's location or distribution. Ketogenic diets are widely known to be effective, but as little study has been made concerning their efficacy on epilepsy with MCD, we evaluated the efficacy...
Comparison of Epileptic Seizures between Preterm and Term-born Epileptic Children with Periventricular Leukomalacia
Hee Jeong Jeong, Eun Sil Lee, Han Ku Moon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1225-1231.   Published online November 15, 2005
Purpose : This study compares the first epileptic seizures between preterm and term-born children with periventricular leukomalacia and epilepsy. Methods : From 108 cases having lesions of high signal intensity around the ventricles in T2 weighted imaging of a brain magnetic resonance study, we selected 37 cases that showed epileptic seizures two times or more and divided them into the...
Medical Lecture Course
Epilepsy and Oxygen Free Radicals
Won Seop Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):920-923.   Published online September 15, 2005
Epilepsy is a neurological disorder from many molecular and biochemical responses. In the underlying mechanism, free radicals play an important role in seizure initiation and seizure-induced brain damage. Excessive production of oxygen free radicals and other radical species have been implicated in the development of seizures under pathological conditions and linked to seizure-induced neurodegeneration.
Original Article
Bone Mineral Density and Bone Markers in the Children with Epilepsy Taking on Chronic Anticonvulsants
Soon Bum Lee, So Young Kang, Jeesuk Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):527-533.   Published online May 15, 2005
Purpose : Long-term administration of anticonvulsants in children with epilepsy may cause short stature, hypocalcemia and low bone mineral density. This study was performed for the early detection of abnormal bone metabolism in children with epilepsy on taking anticonvulsants. Methods : Thirty children aged 5 to 16 years who were diagnosed with epilepsy were enrolled in this study. All had taken...
The Effect of Anticonvulsants on Serum Copper and Zinc Concentrations
Hee Jeong Jeong, Hye Won Youn, Keon Su Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(4):406-410.   Published online April 15, 2005
Purpose : Anticonvulsants have a number of side effects and some of them may be attributed to a disturbance of serum trace metal homeostasis. Although they are minor building components in tissues, they play important functional roles in the peripheral and central nervous system. We measured serum copper and zinc levels in epileptic children who were treated with anticonvulsants to...
Case Report
A Case of Ring Chromosome 20 with Mental Retardation and Epilepsy
Yeon Kyung Jung, Gyeong Hoon Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):108-111.   Published online January 15, 2005
Ring chromosome 20 mosaicism [r(20)] is a rare chromosomal anomaly associated with minor dysmorphism, mental retardation, autistic behavior, and intractable epilepsy. The proposed mechanism of ring formation is breakage of both short and long arms of a chromosome with subsequent end-to- end fusion. We encountered an 18-month-old boy who presented with developmental delay and mental retardation with seizure episodes, but...
Clinical Lecture
The Pharmacotherapy of Childhood Epilepsy
Sang Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(8):821-826.   Published online August 15, 2004
Epilepsy is one of the most common and disabling neurologic disorders in childhood. The primary goal of epilepsy treatment is to choose the treatment modality that provides the best chance of improving the patient's quality of life. In addition to classic antiepileptic drugs, newly developed antiepileptic drugs ketogenic diet, epilepsy surgery, and vagal nerve stimulation have improved the ability to...
Original Article
Outcome after Discontinuation of Antiepileptic Drugs in Well Controlled Epileptic Children - Recurrence and Related Risk Factors
Hyo-Bin Kim, Su Jeong You, Tae-Sung Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):66-75.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : There has been no exact criteria established for when to discontinue antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in epileptic children who had been well controlled for a long period. This study was undertaken to evaluate the recurrence rate and predictive risk factors of relapse after discontinuation of AEDs in epileptic children who had been seizure-free. Methods : We retrospectively studied 294 children...
Efficacy of Antiepileptic Drug on the Benign Childhood Epilepsy with Centro-Temporal Spikes
Mee Hye Oh, Soo Young Kim, Won Hee Seo, Dae Hun Pee, Byung Min Choi, Baik-Lin Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(9):893-897.   Published online September 15, 2003
Purpose : Benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes(BECT) is characterized by an excellent prognosis. Therefore, the necessity for the use of antiepileptic drugs is controversial. The object of this study is to know about the long-term follow-up of BECT, comparing daily treatment with antiepileptic drug(AED) versus no medication. Methods : We retrospectively studied 56 cases of BECTs, examined at Pediatric Neurology...
A Follow-Up Study after Discontinuation of Antiepileptic Drug Therapy in Children with Well-Controlled Epilepsy : The Factors that Influence Recurrence
Sa Jun Chung, Hye Jeon Chung, Young Mi Choi, Eu Hyun Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(12):1559-1570.   Published online December 15, 2002
Purpose : There has been no exact answer to the question of when to discontinue antiepileptic drugs(AEDs) in children with well-controlled epilepsy for a long period. This study is about the risk factors of relapse after withdrawal of AEDs in seizure(Sz)-free patients to show a guideline for discontinuation of AEDs. Methods : One hundred and sixty-nine children were diagnosed as epileptic...
A Comparative Study of Parental Stress in Families with Epileptic Children
Bo-Young Kim, Sung Min Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(10):1251-1262.   Published online October 15, 2002
Purpose : The purpose of this study is to assess and compare the stress of mothers and fathers in families with epileptic children, and to assess contributing factors to their stress. Methods : We used a family stress survey with 35 questionnaires to obtain data concerning the parents' perceived stress. Data were analyzed with SPSS 8.0 program using Pearson correlation coefficient, oneway ANOVA, and...
Surgically Treated Intractable Child Epilepsy with Focal Cortical Dysplasia : Clinical and Electroencephalographic Findings
So Hee Chung, Ho Young Lee, Mun Hyang Lee, Hye Kyung Yoon, Bo Kyung Kim, Seung Chyul Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(5):552-561.   Published online May 15, 2001
Purpose : Widespread use of MRI now gives us increased insights into the different expressions of cortical malformations. We carried out this study to characterize the clinical and EEG features of focal cortical dysplasia(FCD) which also caused intractable epilepsy requiring surgical treatment. Methods : A retrospective analysis was conducted in 8 children. The history of seizures, imaging studies, electroencephalographic findings,...
Case Report
A Case of Atypical Benign Partial Childhood Epilepsy
Hae Jung Park, In Joon Seol
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(2):211-215.   Published online February 15, 2001
We report a case of atypical benign partial childhood epilepsy in a 11 years old male child whose case has been followed up for 6 years. His first symptom was focal seizure of the left side of his face during a drowsy state, followed by focal seizures of left fingers and legs. At that time he had been on phenobarbital...
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