- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Pathophysiology, classification, and complications of common asymptomatic thrombocytosis in newborn infants
- Ga Won Jeon
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):182-187. Published online October 18, 2021
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· Thrombocytosis, common in newborns and infants (<2 years) (3%–13%), is caused by elevated thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations.
· Serum TPO levels are significantly higher immediately to 1 month postnatal and decrease with age.
· Platelet counts are positively correlated with gestational age at birth and postnatal age.
· Thrombocytosis is more common in preterm than in term infants.
· Thrombocytosis in newborns is reactive and resolves spontaneously without complications.
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Is fetal nuchal cord associated with autism spectrum disorder? A meta-analysis
- Ensiyeh Jenabi, Maryam Ahmadi, Azam Maleki
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(3):131-135. Published online September 24, 2021
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Question: Is fetal nuchal cord a risk factor for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Finding: Five articles (1 cohort, 4 case-control; total 3,088 children) were included in the present meta-analysis. Fetal nuchal cord was not a risk factor for ASD (odds ratio, 1.11; 95% confidence interval, 0.66–1.57). There was homogeneity among studies that reported a risk of ASD (I2=0.0).
Meaning: Fetal nuchal cord is not a risk factor for ASD.
- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Retinopathy of prematurity: a review of epidemiology and current treatment strategies
- Eun Hee Hong, Yong Un Shin, Heeyoon Cho
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(3):115-126. Published online October 12, 2021
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There have been global tri-phasic epidemic periods of retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). In recent years, its incidence has reportedly been 10%–40% depending on country and study population. Current treatment strategies for ROP include laser photocoagulation, surgical treatment, and anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment, the role of which has drawn attention in recent years.
- Growth patterns of preterm infants in Korea
- Joohee Lim, So Jin Yoon, Soon Min Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(1):1-9. Published online July 8, 2021
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∙ The growth of preterm infants is a main focus of neonatology.
∙ Preterm infants in Korea, especially those with a very low birth weight, achieve retarded growth.
∙ Careful growth monitoring and early intervention will contribute to better development outcomes and quality of life for preterm infants and improve public health.
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Effects of carnosine and hypothermia combination therapy on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in neonatal rats
- Jun Chul Byun, Seong Ryong Lee, Chun Soo Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(8):422-428. Published online February 24, 2021
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Question: How can we further improve the neuroprotective effects of hypothermia in newborns with hypoxic-ischemic (HI) brain injury?
Finding: Combination carnosine and hypothermia therapy effectively reduced brain damage in neonatal rats. The in situ zymography, terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling assay, and immunofluorescence study results showed that neuroprotective effects were achieved with combination therapy only.
Meaning: Carnosine and hypothermia have synergistic neuroprotective effects against brain damage following HI injury
- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants in the Neonatal Research Network of Japan: importance of neonatal intensive care unit graduate follow-up
- Yumi Kono; on behalf of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):313-321. Published online November 9, 2020
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· Very low birth weight infants remain at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental impairments in early childhood.
· It is important to establish a network follow-up protocol and complete assessments with fewer dropouts to enable clarification of the outcomes of registered infants.
· All possible strategies should be employed to maintain good compliance after neonatal intensive care unit discharge.
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Perinatal outcome and possible vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019: experience from North India
- Ritu Sharma, Shikha Seth, Rakhee Sharma, Sanju Yadav, Pinky Mishra, Sujaya Mukhopadhyay
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(5):239-246. Published online February 16, 2021
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Question: Is there any risk of vertical transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), and what is its neonatal profile?
Finding: Biological samples for vertical transmission were negative in all deliveries; however, 2 neonates tested positive for nasopharyngeal COVID-19 reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. No significant neonatal morbidity was observed.
Meaning: COVID-19 does not increase adverse neonatal outcomes and shows a negligible risk of vertical transmission; however, horizontal transmission cannot be underestimated.
- Predictive factors of death in neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy receiving selective head cooling
- Behnaz Basiri, Mohammadkazem Sabzehei, Mohammadmahdi sabahi
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):180-187. Published online August 27, 2020
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Question: What is the most important factor that increases mortality in infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) who receive selective head cooling?
Finding: All cases of neonatal mortality were severe HIE (stage 3), and a severely abnormal amplitude-integrated electroencephalography and mortality were increased with the need for advanced neonatal resuscitation upon delivery.
Meaning: Advanced neonatal resuscitation affects HIE outcomes, and medical personnel should be prepared to provide the best intervention.
- Fluconazole prophylaxis against invasive candidiasis in very low and extremely low birth weight preterm neonates: a systematic review and meta-analysis
- Mahmoud Robati Anaraki, Masoud Nouri-Vaskeh, Shahram Abdoli Oskoei
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):172-179. Published online May 14, 2020
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· Mortality is decreased significantly in meta-analysis of studies in different regimen of fluconazole prophylaxis.
· Significant decrease was seen in incidence of invasive candidiasis-associated mortality in extremely low birth weight infants in same schedules of prophylaxis.
· More studies required to relief the concerns.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Which factors predict outcomes of neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy following therapeutic hypothermia?
- Gyu Hong Shim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):169-171. Published online December 11, 2020
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Determining the therapeutic hypothermia and predict long-term prognosis quickly and accurately in infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy requires a thorough history taking, physical examination, amplitude-integrated electroencephalography, brain magnetic resonance imaging with diffusion-weighted imaging and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, heart evaluation (cardiac enzymes, electrocardiography, and echocardiography), and several other biomarkers.
- Fluconazole prophylaxis for prevention of invasive candidiasis in extremely preterm infants
- Chun Soo Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):167-168. Published online July 17, 2020
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- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Clinical implications of coronavirus disease 2019 in neonates
- Do-Hyun Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(4):157-164. Published online February 4, 2021
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• Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) was detected in approximately 3% of neonates of mothers with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).
• Neonatal COVID-19 is relatively benign with 16%–22.4% cases asymptomatic.
• Neonates with pre-existing medical conditions and preterm infants are at a higher risk of severe COVID-19.
• Requirement for neonatal mechanical ventilation is 20%–22.4% (vs. 4% in children)
• Low birth weight (13.9%) and premature birth (22.2%) affect neonates of mothers with COVID-19.
- Clinical Note
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Secondary renal tubular dysgenesis in a newborn exposed to angiotensin Ⅱ receptor antagonist during gestation
- Mi Hyeon Gang, Yong Wook Lee, Mea-young Chang
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(3):136-138. Published online July 21, 2020
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Question: The use of renin-angiotensin system (RAS) blockers during pregnancy causes lethal neonatal complications.
Finding: A neonate, whose mother took a RAS blocker during pregnancy, was diagnosed with renal tubular dysgenesis. He presented with respiratory failure, severe refractory hypotension, and anuria requiring continuous dialysis.
Meaning: Physicians should consider any degree of RAS fetopathy in a newborn born to a hypertensive mother who had use of RAS blockers during her pregnancy.
- Letter to the Editor
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Role of neutrophil CD11b expression in diagnosis of earlyonset neonatal sepsis in full-term infant
- Safaa ELMeneza, Walaa Mohamed, Iman Elbagoury, Karima Bahagat
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(1):44-45. Published online April 14, 2020
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Question: Can CD11b detect sepsis in full-term infants with suspected sepsis?
Finding: The percentage of neutrophils expressing CD11b was significantly upregulated in the sepsis and suspected sepsis groups versus the control group.
Meaning: CD11b is a sensitive marker for sepsis and suspected sepsis in full-term neonates and it may be added to sepsis markers. This information would allow the neonatologist to confidently discontinue antibiotic use as long as the neonate is clinically stable.
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- The protective effect of CXC chemokine receptor 2 antagonist on experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia induced by postnatal systemic inflammation
- Seung Hyun Lee, Chang Won Choi
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(1):37-43. Published online July 15, 2020
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Question: Can CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) antagonist preserve alveolarization by attenuating the inflammation induced by systemic lipopolysaccharide (LPS) administration in a rat model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)?
Finding: CXCR2 antagonist significantly decreased neutrophil counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and peripheral blood induced by systemic LPS administration and restored alveolarization in newborn rats.
Meaning: CXCR2 antagonist protected the lungs from the inflammation in a rat model of BPD.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Neutrophil CD11b as a promising marker for early detection of neonatal sepsis
- Ju Sun Heo
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(1):28-30. Published online September 1, 2020
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· Neonatal sepsis is a global problem and significant cause of neonatal mortality and adverse short- and long-term outcomes.
· Due to severe limitations diagnosing neonatal sepsis, there is a critical need to identify reliable specific biomarkers for early detection.
· nCD11b might be an accurate and rapid biomarker for the early detection of neonatal sepsis.
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Knowledge and perceptions of kangaroo mother care among health providers: a qualitative study
- Hadi Pratomo, Tiara Amelia, Fatmawati Nurlin, Asri C. Adisasmita
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):433-437. Published online July 21, 2020
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Question: What are health providers’ knowledge and perceptions of Kangaroo mother care (KMC)?
Finding: Health providers’ knowledge of KMC was sufficient; however, some of their perceptions about it could create barriers to the successful implementation of hospital KMC programs.
Meaning: Health providers’ perceptions about KMC should be considered to ensure successful KMC implementation. Locally designed on-site training programs could overcome the challenges.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Barriers to and enablers of kangaroo mother care
- Soon Min Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):431-432. Published online October 10, 2019
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- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Risk-based maternal group B Streptococcus screening strategy is compatible with the implementation of neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator
- Niek B. Achten, J. Wendelien Dorigo-Zetsma, Annemarie M.C. van Rossum, Rianne Oostenbrink, Frans B. Plötz
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):406-410. Published online April 16, 2020
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Question: To what extent does risk-based Group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening influence management recommendations by the early-onset sepsis (EOS) calculator?
Finding: In 97% of the newborn infants, the EOS calculator recommendation remained unchanged after the GBS status at birth was updated to the definitive GBS status.
Meaning: Risk-based GBS screening results are compatible with EOS calculator recommendations.
- New modified version of the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery category and mortality in premature infants with critical congenital heart disease
- Young Mi Yoon, Seong Phil Bae, Yoon-Joo Kim, Jae Gun Kwak, Woong-Han Kim, Mi Kyoung Song, Seung Han Shin, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):395-401. Published online July 15, 2020
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Questions: This study aimed to describe the survival of premature infants with critical congenital heart disease (CHD) and to identify the risk factors including the new modified version of the Risk Adjustment for Congenital Heart Surgery (M-RACHS) associated with mortality.
Finding: For premature infants with critical CHD, survival rate was 76.9% and very low birth weight (VLBW), persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn (PPHN), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and M-RACHS 5 or more were associated with in-hospital mortality.
Meaning: VLBW, PPHN and BPD, as well as M-RACHS≥5, were risk factors for mortality among premature infants with critical CHD.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Utility of neonatal early-onset sepsis calculator in risk-based group B Streptococcus screening approach
- Myo-Jing Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):393-394. Published online May 22, 2020
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· Evaluation of the risk factors for early-onset sepsis (EOS) is important to optimal prevention and treatment.
· The EOS calculator is still valid as part of the risk-based group B Streptococcus (GBS) screening approach.
· The risk factor assessment using the EOS calculator is worth use before the introduction of universal GBS screening.
- Risk factors for in-hospital mortality in premature infants with critical congenital heart disease
- Jeonghee Shin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(10):391-392. Published online October 6, 2020
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The incidence and mortality rates of critical congenital heart disease (CHD) are higher in preterm than in term infants. The risk factors for in-hospital mortality in premature infants with critical CHD are unclear. However, the mortality of preterm infants with critical CHD may be related to CHD complexity as well as gestational age, birth weight, the presence of prematurity-associated comorbidities, and the treatment itself.
- Clinical Note
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Management of the first newborn delivered by a mother with COVID-19 in South Korea
- Eun-Kyung Lee, Won Duck Kim, Dong won Lee, Sang-Ah Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(9):373-375. Published online July 13, 2020
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Question: How to manage the newborn born to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pregnant?
Finding: Medical staff managed the delivery and neonatal care of a COVID-19 pregnant patient was based on the “Guidelines for COVID-19 response.”
Meaning: We desire that our management will help treat for subsequent patients and there should be updated continuously the prevention and control consensus strategies for newborn COVID-19.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Survival model application for analysis of neonatal length of stay
- Eun Joo Lee
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(9):357-358. Published online May 14, 2020
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- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Evaluation of the role of ischemia modified albumin in neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy
- Mohamed A. Talat, Rabab M. Saleh, Mohammed M. Shehab, Naglaa A. Khalifa, Maha Mahmoud Hamed Sakr, Walaa M. Elmesalamy
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):329-334. Published online August 15, 2020
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Question: What is the value of ischemia modified albumin (IMA) as a diagnostic marker for neonatal hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE)?
Finding: IMA levels were significantly higher (nearly double elevation) in hypoxic than healthy newborns in the first few hours after birth in the full-term neonates.
Meaning: IMA can be a reliable marker for the early diagnosis of neonatal HIE and can be a predictor of injury severity.
- Review Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Short- and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants in Korea: Korean Neonatal Network update in 2019
- Jang Hoon Lee, YoungAh Youn, Yun Sil Chang; Korean Neonatal Network
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):284-290. Published online February 5, 2020
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The Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) has collected population-based data for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) born in Korea since 2013. The survival rate of all VLBWIs was 86% in Korea. The overall prevalence of cerebral palsy was 6.2%–6.6%. Bilateral blindness and hearing loss were reported in 0.2%–0.3%, 0.8%–1.9%, respectively. The KNN has published annual reports and papers for facilitating the improvement of VLBWIs outcome in Korea.
- Original Article
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Synbiotics use for preventing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial
- Ozge Serce Pehlevan, Derya Benzer, Tugba Gursoy, Guner Karatekin, Fahri Ovali
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):226-231. Published online February 5, 2020
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Background: Probiotics and prebiotics have strain-specific effects on the host. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, are proposed to have more beneficial effects on the host than either agent has alone.
Purpose: We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium together with oligosaccharides and lactoferrin on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis...
- Long-term cognitive, executive, and behavioral outcomes of moderate and late preterm at school age
- Ju Hyun Jin, Shin Won Yoon, Jungeun Song, Seong Woo Kim, Hee Jung Chung
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):219-225. Published online September 25, 2019
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Question: Infants born at moderate to late preterm gestations are known to have little problem later on, but is that really true?
Finding: At school age, cognitive problem was observed in about a quarter of the children. In addition, more than half of the children was suspected of having attention problems.
Meaning: Moderate to late preterm infants are at risk of developing abnormal intelligence and attention problems at early school age, therefore they should not be neglected on longterm follow-up evaluation.
- Editorial
- Neonatology (Perinatology)
- Should we regularly evaluate the neurodevelopmental status of moderate and late preterm infants?
- Son Moon Shin
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):217-218. Published online June 11, 2020
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- What do we know about the long-term cognitive and behavioral outcomes of school-aged children who were born moderate to late preterm?
- Eun Sun Kim
- Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):215-216. Published online February 5, 2020
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