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Original Article
Comparative study on effects of volume-controlled ventilation and pressure-limited ventilation for neonatal respiratory distress syndrome
Jae Jin Kim, Mun Jung Hwang, Sang Geel Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):21-27.   Published online January 15, 2010

Purpose:In contrast with traditional time-cycled, pressure-limited ventilation, during volume-controlled ventilation, a nearly constant tidal volume is delivered with reducing volutrauma and the episodes of hypoxemia. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of pressure-regulated, volume controlled ventilation (PRVC) to Synchronized intermittent mandatory ventilation (SIMV) in VLBW infants with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS). Methods : 34 very low birth...
Review Article
Neonatal respiratory distress: recent progress in understanding pathogenesis and treatment outcomes
So Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(1):1-6.   Published online January 15, 2010
Transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPHN) are the three most common disorders that cause respiratory distress after birth. An understanding of the pathophysiology of these disorders and the development of effective therapeutic strategies is required to control these conditions. Here, we review recent papers on the pathogenesis and treatment of neonatal...
Case Report
The first Korean case of poland-Möbius syndrome associated with dextrocardia
Jiyoung Jung, Han Gyu Kim, Hae-Mi Ahn, Su Jin Cho, Eun Ae Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(12):1388-1391.   Published online December 15, 2009
Poland syndrome is characterized by unilateral absence or hypoplasia of the pectoralis muscle and variable degree of ipsilateral hand anomalies. Möbius syndrome is a congenital neurological disorder characterized by complete or partial facial paralysis. Although the pathogeneses of these diseases are not well-characterized, diminished blood flow to the affected side is thought to play a role. A male infant weighing...
Original Article
Polymorphisms of the NR3C1 gene in Korean children with nephrotic syndrome
Hee Yeon Cho, Hyun Jin Choi, So Hee Lee, Hyun Kyung Lee, Hee Kyung Kang, Il Soo Ha, Yong Choi, Hae Il Cheong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1260-1266.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (NS) can be clinically classified as steroid-sensitive and steroid-resistant. The detailed mechanism of glucocorticoid action in NS is currently unknown. Methods : In this study, we investigated 3 known single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) (ER22/23EK, N363S, and BclI) of the glucocorticoid receptor gene (the NR3C1 gene) in 190 children with NS using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment...
Case Report
A case of persistent pulmonary hypertension of the newborn: Treatment with inhaled iloprost
Yoon Young Jang, Hye Jin Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1175-1180.   Published online October 15, 2009
We report a case of a full-term neonate with persistent pulmonary hypertension who developed asphyxia after birth and was treated with iloprost. The neonate had persistent hypoxia and did not respond to supportive treatment. Because inhaled nitric oxide (iNO) was not available in our hospital, inhaled iloprost was administered via an endotracheal tube. This resulted in an immediate elevation of...
Partial trisomy of chromosome 18q11.2-q12: A case report
Ah Ra Cho, Hye Ryoun Kim, Mi Kyung Lee, Sin Weon Yun, Jung Ju Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1171-1174.   Published online October 15, 2009
Edwards syndrome, also called trisomy 18, is one of the most common autosomal anomalies. The survival rate of patients with Edwards syndrome is very low and its characteristic findings include cardiac malformations, mental retardation, growth retardation, specific craniofacial anomalies, clenched hands, rocker-bottom feet, and omphalocele. Compared with the classic Edwards syndrome, the symptom of partial duplication of chromosome 18 is...
Original Article
Metabolic syndrome in the overweight and obese adolescents and the impact of obesity on the cardiovascular system
Yong Mi Hong, Young Young Song, Hae Soon Kim, Hae Sook Park, Jung Hae Min, Jo Won Jung, Nam Soo Park, Chung Il Noh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1109-1118.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : Metabolic syndrome (MS), characterized by obesity and insulin resistance, elicits risk factors such as hyperlipidemia, hypertension, and glucose intolerance with additive effects on atherosclerosis, leading to cardiovascular diseases. The purposes of this study were to evaluate the prevalence of MS among overweight and obese adolescents and to investigate the impact of obesity on the cardiovascular system. Methods : In...
Case Report
Two adolescent cases of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome
Ji Hye Kim, Sung Hee Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1038-1043.   Published online September 15, 2009
Two adolescent cases of Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome, which has not been previously reported in Korean girls, presenting with right upper-quadrant abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and fever are reported here. A careful and thorough inquiry into the sexual history of the first patient, which was not done upon admission, led to a careful reassessment of the dynamic abdominal computed tomography scan revealing...
A case of adolescent Kawasaki disease with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis complicated by splenic infarction
Byeong Sam Choi, Bo Sang Kwon, Gi Beom Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Jung-Eun Cheon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1029-1034.   Published online September 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that affects children. There are few reports that describe the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the possible infectious agent of KD. Here, we describe a case of KD in a 15- year-old boy complicated with giant coronary artery aneurysms, pericardial effusion, and splenic infarction. The clinical course of KD was...
Original Article
Comparison and analysis of the effectiveness to high dose of aspirin and ibuprofen in acute phase of Kawasaki disease
Seung-woon Keum, Yeon Kyun Oh, Jong Duck Kim, Seung-taek Yu
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):930-937.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:We evaluated the effectiveness of treatment and cardiac complications of replacing a high dose of aspirin with a high dose of ibuprofen for children in acute phase of Kawasaki disease. We also analyzed the possibility of replacing a high dose of aspirin with a high dose of ibuprofen to prevent complications such as Reye s syndrome caused by aspirin. Methods:One hundred eight children...
Growth responses to growth hormone therapy in children with attenuated growth who showed normal growth hormone response to stimulation tests
Jae Hyun Kim, Hey Rim Chung, Young Ah Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Ji Hyub Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):922-929.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:The aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and responses to growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with attenuated growth who showed normal GH responses to GH stimulation tests (GHST). Methods:The study included 39 patients with height velocity (HV) of less than 4 cm/yr and normal GHST results. Clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results:Eleven were born as small for gestational age (SGA)...
Review Article
Metabolic syndrome in children and adolescents
Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):737-744.   Published online July 15, 2009
Metabolic syndrome (MS) in children and adolescents has become a global public health problem. MS among Korean children and adolescents has been increasing significantly over the past decade. This paper aims to provide the currently available information on the MS in children and adolescents. This review focuses on the definition, diagnostic criteria, epidemiology and pathophysiology which may be helpful for...
Case Report
Two cases of Smith-Magenis syndrome
Seong Kwan Jung, Kyu Hee Park, Hae Kyung Shin, So Hee Eun, Baik-Lin Eun, Kee Hwan Yoo, Young Sook Hong, Joo Won Lee, Sook Young Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):701-704.   Published online June 15, 2009
SmithMagenis syndrome (SMS) is a rare disorder with multiple congenital anomalies caused by a heterozygous interstitial deletion involving chromosome 17p11.2, where the retinoic acid-induced 1 (RAI1) gene is located, or by a mutation of RAI1. Approximately 90% of the patients with SMS have a detectable 17p11.2 microdeletion on fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH). SMS is characterized by mental retardation, distinctive behavioral...
Review Article
Eosinophil disorders
Sun Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):643-648.   Published online June 15, 2009
Blood eosinophilia can be classified as either familial or acquired. Familial eosinophilia is a rare autosomal dominant disorder characterized by a stable eosinophil count. Acquired eosinophilia is classified further into a primary or secondary phenomenon depending on whether eosinophils are considered integral to the underlying disease. Primary eosinophilia is considered clonal in the presence of either a cytogenetic abnormality or...
Case Report
Two cases of Kawasaki disease following pneumonia
Hyun Jung Kim, Soo Jin Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):615-618.   Published online May 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease (KD) causes multisystemic vasculitis but rarely manifests with pulmonary symptoms. As its etiology is still unknown, there are no specific diagnostic tools available, and KD can be diagnosed only by the symptom pattern. The presence of unusual clinical manifestations often leads to delayed diagnosis. Here, we report two cases of KD with an initial presentation of pneumonia. KD...
Original Article
Multicenter clinical study of childhood periodic syndromes that are common precursors to migraine using new criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD-II)
Jae Yong Park, Sang-Ook Nam, So-Hee Eun, Su Jeong You, Hoon-Chul Kang, Baik-Lin Eun, Hee Jung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):557-566.   Published online May 15, 2009
Purpose : To evaluate the clinical features and characteristics of childhood periodic syndromes (CPS) in Korea using the new criteria of the International Classification of Headache Disorders (ICHD)-II. Methods : The study was conducted at pediatric neurology clinics of five urban tertiary-care medical centers in Korea from January 2006 to December 2007. Patients (44 consecutive children and adolescents) were divided into...
Case Report
Autoimmune hepatitis-primary sclerosing cholangitis overlap syndrome in a 10-year-old girl with ulcerative colitis
Jeana Hong, Mi Kyoung Song, Jae Sung Ko, Gyeong Hoon Kang, Woo Sun Kim, Jeong Kee Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):504-507.   Published online April 15, 2009
Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH), primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), and primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) are chronic autoimmune liver diseases. Overlap syndrome is defined as a condition in which the clinical, biochemical, and histological features of these autoimmune diseases are overlapped. Thus, it is difficult to appreciate overlap syndrome as an actual diagnostic entity. Only a few cases of the overlap syndrome of...
Original Article
Polymorphisms of tumor necrosis factor-alpha promotor gene in Kawasaki disease and relation to the risk of coronary artery lesion
Se-hwa Kim, Jang-won Yun, Young-hyuk Lee, Eun-jung Cheon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):476-480.   Published online April 15, 2009
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to investigate the polymorphisms of the TNF-alpha promotor gene, its susceptibility to Kawasaki disease (KD) and to assess whether the TNF-alpha promotor gene polymorphism was related the risk of coronary artery lesions (CALs). Methods : From January 2003 to January 2007, 51 children (30 boys and 21 girls) with KD and 48...
Case Report
A case of antiepileptic drug hypersensitivity syndrome by lamotrigine mimicking infectious mononucleosis and atypical Kawasaki disease
Su Jung Yoo, Ihl Sung Park, Eun Sook Suh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):389-391.   Published online March 15, 2009
AHS는 항경련제에 의한 부작용으로 드물게 발생하지만 생명을 위협할 수 있는 지연형 면역반응이다. 보통 항경련제 복용 후 1-8주 사이에 고열, 피부발진, 림프절병증의 임상 증세를 나타내고, 혈액, 간, 신장, 또는 폐 등의 내부 장기를 침범한다. AHS는 항경련제에 의한 부작용으로 증상이 전신적으로 다양하게 나타날 수 있다. 그리고 전염성 단핵구증이나 가와사키병과 같은 전신적 질환들과도 유사한 임상증상들을 보이기 때문에 이런 질환들과 감별하는 것이 중요하고 사망률도...
Original Article
Development of metabolic syndrome and its correlation with insulin resistance in adult patients with Turner syndrome
Joo Hwa Kim, Min Jae Kang, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):370-375.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : The risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) and cardiovascular disease in Turner syndrome (TS) patients is high. We analyzed metabolic factors in adults with TS and evaluated the metabolic risk of insulin resistance. Methods : Forty-three adults with TS were enrolled. The frequency of MS and the values of the metabolic factors were analyzed. Patients were divided into insulin...
Clinical factors causing hyponatremia in patients with mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome
Soo Yeon Kim, Hyun Jung Kim, Jun Seok Choi, Jae Kyung Huh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):364-369.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Clinical and laboratory findings predict a severe outcome for mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome. This study aimed to define the clinical characteristics of Kawasaki disease (KD) patients with hyponatremia and to determine the factors associated with its development. Methods : Retrospective studies were performed on 114 KD patients who received an initial high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG, single 2 g/kg/dose)...
Clinical feature of neonatal pneumothorax induced by respiratory distress syndrome and pneumonia
Ji-Sun Jung, Sang-Woo Park, Chun-Soo Kim, Sang-Lak Lee, Tae-Chan Kwon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(3):310-314.   Published online March 15, 2009
Purpose : Pneumothorax is an important factor responsible for increased mortality and morbidity in neonates. Here, we compared the clinical findings and prognosis for neonatal pneumothorax induced by respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and pneumonia. Methods : Between January 2001 and December 2005, 80 patients with neonatal pneumothorax induced by RDS and pneumonia and admitted to the NICU of Dongsan Medical...
Case Report
Atypical presentation of Kawasaki disease resembling a retropharyngeal abscess
Eu Jin Kim, Young Su Lim, Ji Eun Yoon, Heon-Seok Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):251-255.   Published online February 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease is an acute systemic inflammatory disorder, the etiology of which has not yet been established. The clinical manifestations are non-specific and are common to many pediatric infectious and immunologic diseases. In 2 cases presenting fever, cervical lymphadenopathy, and retropharyngeal abscess-like lesions on the neck shown in a computerized tomography (CT) scan, the diagnosis of Kawasaki disease was delayed....
Atypical presentation of Kawasaki disease resembling a retropharyngeal abscess
Sun-Hee Choi, Yu-Min Lee, Yeong-Ho Rha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):247-250.   Published online February 15, 2009
Stevens-Johnson syndrome (SJS) presents with widespread blisters, erythematous or purpuric macules, and one or more mucous membrane erosions. Various etiologic factors, including infection, vaccination, drug administration, systemic diseases, physical agents, and food have been implicated as causes of SJS. Mycoplasma pneumoniae is the most common infectious agent to cause SJS in children. In recent literature, M. pneumoniae-induced SJS with mucositis...
Original Article
Low T3 syndrome in Kawasaki disease: Relation to serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6 and NT-proBNP
Hye Kyung Cho, Jin A Sohn, Hae Soon Kim, Sejung Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):234-241.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : We investigated the relationship between thyroid hormone and serum tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin (IL-6) and N-terminal fragment of pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Methods : Serum levels of thyroid hormone, TNF-α, IL-6, and NT-proBNP were measured in 52 KD patients in the acute and subacute phase and 10 patients with acute...
Review Article
Consequences of being born small for gestational age : More than being small
Eun-Gyong Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):152-158.   Published online February 15, 2009
Reduced fetal growth is independently associated with increased risk of health problems in later life, particularly type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular diseases. Insulin resistance appears to be a key component underlying these metabolic complications. It is suggested that detrimental fetal environment may program insulin resistance syndrome. An insulin-resistant genotype may also result in both low birth weight and insulin resistance...
Case Report
Hand-Foot syndrome induced by sorafenib, a multitargeted tyrosine kinase inhibitor, in a patient with advanced renal cell carcinoma
Seung Hyun Lee, Sung Hun Noh, Sun Young Kim, Kyu Yun Jang, Pyoung Han Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):119-123.   Published online January 15, 2009
Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) arising from epithelial cells of the renal tubules is a highly aggressive and malignant tumor in all ages; however, it rarely occurs in children. the standard treatment for RCC is radical nephrectomy with lymph node dissection when the tumor is localized and can be completely resected. Adjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy are used for pediatric patients...
Original Article
The relationship between catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism and coronary artery abnormality in Kawasaki disease
Hyo Jin Lee, Myung Sook Lee, Ji Sook Kim, Eun Ryoung Kim, Sung Wook Kang, Soo Kang Kim, Joo Ho Chun, Kyung Lim Yoon, Mi Young Han, Seong Ho Cha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):87-92.   Published online January 15, 2009
Purpose : Many gene polymorphisms are associated with coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease. Catechol-O- methyltransferase (COMT) plays an important role in the metabolism of catecholamines, catechol estrogen, and catechol drugs. Polymorphisms of the COMT gene are reported to be associated with myocardial infarction and coronary artery abnormalities. The aim of this study was to evaluate the relationship between COMT...
Case Report
Wilms` tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome: Successful treatment of the first case with bilateral Wilms` tumors in Korea
Kyung Sun Min, Hee Jo Baek, Dong Kyun Han, Ju Hee You, Tai Ju Hwang, Dong Deuk Kwon, Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1355-1358.   Published online December 15, 2008
Wilms` tumor, aniridia, genitourinary anomalies, and mental retardation (WAGR) syndrome is caused by deletion of chromosome 11p13, including the Wilms` tumor (WT1) and aniridia gene (PAX6) loci. Here, we report the first case of WAGR syndrome in Korea; the patient was a 2-year-old girl with bilateral aniridia from birth who presented with abdominal distention and mental retardation. Cytogenetically, she had...
Original Article
Epidemiologic study of Kawasaki disease in 6 months old and younger infants
Yong Won Park, Ji Whan Han, In Sook Park, Chang Hwi Kim, Sung Ho Cha, Jae Sook Ma, Joon Sung Lee, Tae Chan Kwon, Sang Bum Lee, Chul Ho Kim, Heung Jae Lee, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1320-1323.   Published online December 15, 2008
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the epidemiologic status of Kawasaki disease (KD) in infants ≤6 months of age. Methods : For the epidemiologic study of KD in Korea, data from 22,674 KD patients were collected from 1997 to 2005 on a 3-year basis by a retrospective survey. From this survey, data of 1,739 KD patients ≤6...
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