Article 55(11); Nov 2012
Review Articles
Understanding noninferiority trials
Seokyung Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):403-407.   Published online November 23, 2012

Noninferiority trials test whether a new experimental treatment is not unacceptably less efficacious than an active control treatment already in use. With continuous improvements in health technologies, standard care, and clinical outcomes, the incremental benefits of newly developed treatments may be only marginal over existing treatments. Sometimes assigning patients to a placebo is unethical. In such circumstances, there has been...

Indirect revascularization surgery for moyamoya disease in children and its special considerations
Kyu-Chang Wang, Ji Hoon Phi, Ji Yeoun Lee, Seung-Ki Kim, Byung-Kyu Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):408-413.   Published online November 23, 2012

Moyamoya disease (MMD) is the most common pediatric cerebrovascular disease in Far Eastern countries. In children, MMD frequently manifests as ischemic symptomatology. Cerebral perfusion gradually decreases as the disease progresses, which often leads to cerebral infarction. The benefits of revascularization surgery, whether direct or indirect, have been well established in MMD patients with ischemic symptoms. In adults, the increase in...

Original Articles
Early neurodevelopment in very low birth weight infants with mild intraventricular hemorrhage or those without intraventricular hemorrhage
Il Rak Choi, Jang Hoon Lee, Moon Sung Park, Ji Yeon Kim, Kyu Hee Park, Gun-Ha Kim, So-Hee Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):414-419.   Published online November 23, 2012
Purpose

This study aimed to assess early development in very low birth weight (VLBW) infants with mild intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) or those without IVH and to identify the perinatal morbidities affecting early neurodevelopmental outcome.

Methods

Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II was used for assessing neurological development in 49 infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and with low grade IVH (≤grade II) or...

Regional differences in phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with urinary tract infection in Korea
Ui-Yoon Choi, Seung Beom Han, Soo Young Lee, Jin Han Kang, Sun Mi Kim, Sang Hyuk Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):420-423.   Published online November 23, 2012
Purpose

We phylogenetically analyzed the Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with urinary tract infection (UTI) in 2 regions of Korea. Virulence factors (VFs) and antibiotic resistance of the strains were also determined to compare the possible differences.

Methods

A total of 138 E. coli strains were collected from the 2 regions; Gyeongin (78 strains) and Gyeongnam (60 strains). The phylogenetic groups were...

Enhanced detection and serotyping of Streptococcus pneumoniae using multiplex polymerase chain reaction
Jong Gyun Ahn, Seong Yeol Choi, Dong Soo Kim, Ki Hwan Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):424-429.   Published online November 23, 2012
Purpose

Methods for quick and reliable detection of Streptococcus pneumoniae are needed for the diagnosis of pneumococcal disease and vaccine studies. This study aimed to show that sequential multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is more efficient than conventional culture in achieving S. pneumoniae-positive results.

Methods

Nasopharyngeal (NP) secretions were obtained from 842 pediatric patients admitted with lower respiratory infections at Severance Children's Hospital...

Clinical, radiologic, and genetic features of Korean patients with Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA
Na Hee Lee, Sung Yoon Cho, Se Hyun Maeng, Tae Yeon Jeon, Young Bae Sohn, Su Jin Kim, Hyung-Doo Park, Dong Kyu Jin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):430-437.   Published online November 23, 2012
Purpose

Mucopolysaccharidosis IVA (MPS IVA; Morquio A syndrome) is rare lysosomal storage disorder caused by N-acetylgalactosamine-6-sulfatase (GALNS) deficiency. Only a few MPS IVA cases have been reported in the Korean literature; there is a paucity of research about clinical or radiologic findings for this disorder. Therefore, we studied clinical findings, radiological features, and genetic data of Korean MPS IVA patients for...

Case Reports
A case of mucolipidosis II presenting with prenatal skeletal dysplasia and severe secondary hyperparathyroidism at birth
Ju Sun Heo, Ka Young Choi, Se Hyoung Sohn, Curie Kim, Yoon Joo Kim, Seung Han Shin, Jae Myung Lee, Juyoung Lee, Jin A Sohn, Byung Chan Lim, Jin A Lee, Chang Won Choi, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Beyong Il Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):438-444.   Published online November 23, 2012

Mucolipidosis II (ML II) or inclusion cell disease (I-cell disease) is a rarely occurring autosomal recessive lysosomal enzyme-targeting disease. This disease is usually found to occur in individuals aged between 6 and 12 months, with a clinical phenotype resembling that of Hurler syndrome and radiological findings resembling those of dysostosis multiplex. However, we encountered a rare case of an infant...

A case of Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with autoimmune thyroiditis
Eun Ji Go, You Jin Jung, Seung Beom Han, Byung Kyu Suh, Jin Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):445-448.   Published online November 23, 2012

Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease (KFD) is a benign self-limiting disease characterized by fever and lymphadenitis. The etiology and pathogenesis of KFD is unclear. However, two hypotheses have been suggested: a viral infection hypothesis and an autoimmune hypothesis. Several KFD patients with various types of autoimmune diseases have been reported, and these reports support the hypothesis for autoimmune pathogenesis of KFD. Here, we...


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