Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Neurology

Prenatal stress via chronic immobilization amplifies N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced spasm-like seizure susceptibility and neuroinflammation in neonatal rats

Hyeok Hee Kwon, Seungyeon Bin, Seung Gyu Choi, Hyo Jung Shin, Joon Won Kang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(11):858-867. Published online September 8, 2026

Question: Does chronic prenatal immobilization stress increase an offspring's susceptibility to spasms, and is this associated with altered glial activation and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic signaling in the developing brain?
Finding: Prolonged prenatal stress increases susceptibility to N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced spasms, enhanced glial activation, and impaired GABAergic signaling.
Meaning: Long-term prenatal stress may promote early life epileptogenesis associated with neuroinflammation as well as disrupted inhibitory neurotransmission, although a causal role remains to be established.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2026.01403

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