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Review Article
Infection
Etiological and pathophysiological enigmas of severe coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease
Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):153-166.   Published online November 23, 2021
· Severe cases of coronavirus disease, Kawasaki disease (KD), and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) share similar findings: a protracted clinical course, multiorgan involvement, and similar activated biomarkers.
· Here we propose etiological agents in KD and MIS-C as species in the microbiota and introduce a common pathogenesis through the protein-homeostasis-system hypothesis.
· Early proper dose of corticosteroids and/or intravenous immunoglobulin may help to reduce morbidity and mortality in these diseases.
Original Article
Infection
Febrile urinary tract infection in children: changes in epidemiology, etiology, and antibiotic resistance patterns over a decade
Woosuck Suh, Bi Na Kim, Hyun Mi Kang, Eun Ae Yang, Jung-Woo Rhim, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(6):293-300.   Published online October 14, 2020
Question: How has the antibiotic susceptibility of urinary pathogens changed and what does it imply?
Finding: A yearly increase in multidrug-resistant and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)–producing pathogens was observed. A higher recurrence rate was observed in cases of febrile urinary tract infection caused by ESBL producers in patients with underlying vesicoureteral reflux (VUR).
Meaning: The initial empirical antibiotic should reflect the changing susceptibility patterns and underlying VUR status.
Review Article
Immunology
Immunopathogenesis of COVID-19 and early immunomodulators
Kyung-Yil Lee, Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(7):239-250.   Published online June 18, 2020
The novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading globally. Although its etiologic agent is discovered as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), there are many unsolved issues in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases. The causes of different clinical phenotypes and incubation periods among individuals, species specificity, and cytokine storm with lymphopenia as well as the mechanism of damage to organ...
Perspective
Pulmonology
Early preemptive immunomodulators (corticosteroids) for severe pneumonia patients infected with SARS-CoV-2
Kyung-Yil Lee, Jung-Woo Rhim, Jin-Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(4):117-118.   Published online April 8, 2020
Editorial
Pulmonology
Are alternative antibiotics needed for antibiotic-nonresponsive Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia?
Eun-Ae Yang, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):44-45.   Published online February 15, 2020
Original Article
Cardiology
Clinical implications in laboratory parameter values in acute Kawasaki disease for early diagnosis and proper treatment
Yu-Mi Seo, Hyun-Mi Kang, Sung-Churl Lee, Jae-Won Yu, Hong-Ryang Kil, Jung-Woo Rhim, Ji-Whan Han, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(5):160-166.   Published online May 28, 2018
Purpose

This study aimed to analyse laboratory values according to fever duration, and evaluate the relationship across these values during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) to aid in the early diagnosis for early-presenting KD and incomplete KD patients.

Methods

Clinical and laboratory data of patients with KD (n=615) were evaluated according to duration of fever at presentation, and were compared between...

Original Article
Epidemiological comparison of three Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia epidemics in a single hospital over 10 years
Eun-Kyung Kim, You-Sook Youn, Jung-Woo Rhim, Myung-Seok Shin, Jin-Han Kang, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(5):172-177.   Published online May 22, 2015
Purpose

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia epidemics have occurred in 3- to 4-year cycles in Korea. We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics of MP pneumonia in Daejeon, Korea, from 2003 to 2012.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 779 medical records of children (0-15 years of old) with MP pneumonia admitted to our institution and compared the data from 3 recent epidemics.

Results

In 779 patients, the mean age...

Outbreaks of mumps: an observational study over two decades in a single hospital in Korea
Ji-Ung Ryu, Eun-Kyung Kim, You-Sook Youn, Jung-Woo Rhim, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(9):396-402.   Published online September 30, 2014
Purpose

The introduction of the mumps vaccine has dramatically reduced the number of mumps cases, but outbreaks have recently occurred among highly vaccinated populations in developed countries. Epidemiological and clinical characteristics of patients with mumps admitted between 1989 and 2012 in a single hospital in Korea are described in the present study.

Methods

We retrospectively evaluated inpatients with mumps between 1989 and 2012...

Review Article
Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
You-Sook Youn, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(2):42-47.   Published online February 14, 2012

Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP), the smallest self-replicating biological system, is a common cause of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, leading to a wide range of pulmonary and extra-pulmonary manifestations. MP pneumonia has been reported in 10 to 40% of cases of community-acquired pneumonia and shows an even higher proportion during epidemics. MP infection is endemic in larger communities of the...

Original Article
Effect of p16 on glucocorticoid response in a B-cell lymphoblast cell line
Sun-Young Kim, Kyung-Yil Lee, Dae-Chul Jeong, Hak-Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(7):753-758.   Published online July 31, 2010
Purpose

It has been suggested that p16 has a role in glucocorticoid (GC)-related apoptosis in leukemic cells, but the exact mechanisms have yet to be clarified. We evaluated the relationship between the GC response and p16 expression in a lymphoma cell line.

Methods

We used p16 siRNA transfection to construct p16-inactivated cells by using the B-cell lymphoblast cell line NC-37. We compared glucocorticoid...

The effects of high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin on plasma protein and lipid levels in the patients with Kawasaki disease
Keun Young Lee, Dong-Un Kim, Hyun Seung Lee, Pil Sang Jang, Young-Hoon Kim, Jin Tack Kim, Hyun Hee Kim, Kyung-Yil Lee, Joon-Sung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1348-1353.   Published online December 15, 2006
Purpose : The reticuloendothelial system is composed of sinusoidal capillaries, through which even large protein molecules are freely movable between plasma and interstitial space, including the lymphatic system. Therefore, high-dose intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) would cause a redistribution of proteins between two compartments. To investigate this hypothesis, we measured plasma protein and lipid levels in patients with Kawasaki disease before and...
Case Report
Giant Coronary and Axillary Aneurysms in an Infant with Kawasaki Disease Associated with Thrombocytopenia
Sei Young Seo, Jin Hee Oh, Jong-Hyun Kim, Ji-Whan Han, Kyung-Yil Lee, Dae Kyun Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(8):901-906.   Published online August 15, 2005
Kawasaki disease (KD) is a leading cause of acquired heart disease in children. Yet the etiology of KD is still unknown and diagnosis depends on the exclusion of other diseases and the clinical manifestations meeting the defined criteria. Young infants frequently show atypical clinical courses and are frequently complicated with coronary aneurysms. Some cases show thrombocytopenia, which is known as...
Original Article
Clinico-epidemiologic Study of Henoch-Sch nlein Purpura in Children, 1987 through 2003
Sun-Mee Choi, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):174-177.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : We evaluated children with Henoch-Sch nlein purpura(HSP) in terms of epidemiology and clinical characteristics. Methods : A total of 424 medical records of children with HSP admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, from 1987 to 2003 were retrospectively analyzed. Results : The mean annual number of cases was 25.1?.9 and no one year showed an...
Clinico-epidemiologic Study of Mycoplasma pneumoniae Pneumonia(1993 through 2003)
Seung-Hyun Lee, Suk-Man Noh, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Joon-Sung Lee, Byung-Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):154-157.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : We evaluated the epidemiologic and clinical characteristics of mycoplasma pneumonia. Methods : A total of 559 medical records of children with mycoplasma pneumonia admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, were retrospectively analyzed. Results : The mean annual number of cases was 51. There was a higher occurrence in autumn (September-November, 41.7%) and in winter(26.7%). Outbreaks...
Case Report
A Case of Meningococcal Meningitis with Complement 9 Deficiency
Sun-Mee Choi, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Byung-Churl Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):101-103.   Published online January 15, 2005
Meningococcal disease is not rarely associated with abnormalities of the complement system. We experienced a case of C9 deficiency with meningococcal meningitis from a 12-year-old girl. Identification of complement deficiency has implications for management, including family studies, prophylaxis, vaccination, and altered threshold for infection screening and treatment.
Original Article
Epidemiologic Study of Aseptic Meningitis in Daejeon, Korea(1987 through 2003)
Jung-Hoon You, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Byung-Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1181-1185.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of aseptic meningitis in Daejeon, Korea from 1987 to 2003. Methods : A total of 2201 medical records of children with aseptic meningitis admitted to the Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, was retrospectively analyzed. Results : The mean annual number of cases was 129, with a higher rate of occurrence in the...
Prediction of Intravenous Immunoglobulin Non-responders in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Gi Bum Lee, Ji-Won Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(1):90-94.   Published online January 15, 2004
Purpose : We evaluated the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) on the levels of laboratory indices examined serially according to the responsiveness to IVIG therapy in children with Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Children with KD(n=63) who had been treated with IVIG at a dosage of 2.0 g/kg were classified into two groups : the IVIG-resistant(consistent fever over 48 hours after initiation...
Case Report
Arthritis in the Subacute Stage of Kawasaki Disease after Responding to Intravenous Immunoglobulin Treatment
Kyung-Yil Lee, Jin-Hee Oh, Dea-Kyun Koh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1124-1127.   Published online November 15, 2003
We evaluated the clinical and laboratory characteristics of five children with Kawasaki disease who had showed arthritis after responding to intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) treatment. Age distribution was between 13 months and six years of age(mean 3.2?.6 years). There were two males and three females. Arthritis occurred when acute symptoms were subsiding, with the average onset on day 5.8?.8 after final IVIG...
Original Article
Causative Organisms in Children with Bacterial Meningitis(1992-2002)
Hyun-Jung Kim, JI-Won Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Seung-Hoon Hahn, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1085-1088.   Published online November 15, 2003
Purpose : This study was performed to assess the difference of organisms causing bacterial meningitis according to time. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 40 medical records of bacteriologically proven meningitis from 1992 to 2002. We divided them into two groups; neonate's group(14 cases), and children's group(26 cases). The results of the neonate's group were compared with those of previously reported articles...
Alteration of Biochemical Profiles after High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Administration in Kawasaki Disease
Ji-Won Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):817-820.   Published online August 15, 2003
Purpose : Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) has been used as an immunomodulatory treatment for several immune-mediated diseases. The early effect of high-dose IVIG on biochemical profiles including lipids and proteins was evaluated in patients with Kawasaki disease(KD). Methods : Twelve children with KD(nine boys) were treated with IVIG of 2 g/kg over 12 hours. Serial sera were collected from the patients four times...
Roxithromycin Treatment of Tsutsugamushi Disease (Scrub Typhus) in Children
Hye-Jin Park, Kyung-Yil Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(7):710-713.   Published online July 15, 2003
Purpose : Although chloramphenicol and doxycycline have been used for the treatment of tsutsugamuchi disease, a difficulty exists in determining which drugs to use in treating children because of potential complications such as aplastic anemia or teeth discoloration. We evaluated the effect of roxithromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, on tsutsugamushi disease in children. Methods : A retrospective analysis was conducted on 39...
Clinical Significance of C-reactive Protein in Measles
Sang-Lim Choi, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(5):480-483.   Published online May 15, 2003
Purpose : We evaluated clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in patients with measles according to C-reactive protein(CRP) concentration. Methods : A retrospective analysis was performed using the medical records of patients with measles at The Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital from October 1999 to May 2000. We divided the patients with measles into four groups according to CRP...
Laboratory Values in Patients with Kawasaki Disease after Intravenous Immunoglobulin : Comparison of Patients with Coronary Artery Lesions to those without Coronary Artery Lesions
Min-Young Park, Kyung-Yil Lee, Ji-Whan Han, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(2):162-166.   Published online February 15, 2003
Purpose : We evaluated the effects of intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) on level of laboratory parameters examined serially according to the existence of coronary artery lesions in children with Kawasaki disease. Methods : Children with Kawasaki disease(n=63), treated with IVIG at a dose of 2.0 g/kg, were classified as a group with coronary artery lesions(CALs+ group, n=9) or a group without coronary...
A Comparative Study of Measles According to Age
Eun-Sung Eun, Sang-Lim Choi, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Jin-Han Kang, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(1):33-36.   Published online January 15, 2003
Purpose : We evaluated clinical manifestations and laboratory findings in patients with measles according to age distribution. Methods : Retrospective analyses were performed using medical records of patients with measles admitted to The Catholic University of Korea, Daejon St. Mary's Hospital from October 2000 to May 2001. We divided the patients with measles into three age groups, i.e., those who were...
An Epidemiologic Study of Kawasaki Disease(1987-2000) : Incidence of Coronary Artery Complication in the Acute Stage
Kyung-Yil Lee, Min-Young Park, Ji-Whan Han, Hyung-Shin Lee, Jin Choi, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(6):783-789.   Published online June 15, 2002
Purpose : We evaluated the epidemiologic characteristics and incidence of coronary artery sequele of children with KD according to treatment. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed 506 medical records of children with KD, who were admitted at Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital from Jan. 1987 to Dec. 2000. Results : The mean annual incidence was 36.1±11.1 cases per year. There was a slightly higher...
Radiographic Findings and Atelectasis in Children Admitted to Hospital with Acute Asthma
Yoo-Jin Jung, Hye-Jin Jung, Kyung-Yil Lee, Won-Bae Lee, Dong-Hurn Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(4):519-523.   Published online April 15, 2002
Purpose : We aimed to evaluate the abnormalities of chest radiographs including atelectasis in children who were admitted with bronchial asthma. Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the 357 chest radiographs and the clinical and laboratory features of the 144 children with asthma, who were admitted at Daejoen St. Mary's Hospital from April 1994 to May 1998. Results : Clinical and laboratory...
Case Report
A Case of Acute Renal Failure Following Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in a Child
Sung-Wook Park, Kyung-Yil Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee, Kye-Nam Yoon, Sang-Won Cha, Dong-Jun Lee, Ji-Whan Han, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(5):720-724.   Published online May 15, 2000
Intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) therapy is associated with a number of complications, including rare acute renal failure(ARF). Although the cause of IVIG-associated ARF is unknown, it may be related to the stabilizing agent used in IVIG preparations. ARF following IVIG infusion has not been previously described in children. We report a 4-year-old girl with Kawasaki disease who suffered from ARF following IVIG...
Original Article
Clinical Study of Recurrent Parotitis in Children
Sam-Hwa Yim, Kye-Nam Yoon, Kyung-Yil Lee, Sang-Won Cha, Dong-Jun Lee, Ji-Whan Han, Jin-Han Kang, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(5):619-624.   Published online May 15, 2000
Purpose : Recurrent parotitis is defined as a recurrent parotid inflammation, generally associated with sialectasis of the parotid gland. It can often be misdiagnosed as recurrent mumps. We studied the clinical and laboratory features of recurrent parotitis. Methods : Outpatient clinical records of 23 cases were analyzed retrospectively between April 1993 and March 1999. Follow-up after the last outpatient clinic...
Case Report
A Case of Common Variable Immunodeficiency with Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia
Kyung-Yil Lee, Yon-Joo Lee, Sang-Won Cha, Dong Joon Lee, Ji-Whan Han, Kyung-Tae Whang, Joong-Gon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(1):117-122.   Published online January 15, 2000
Common variable immunodeficiency(CVID) is a heterogeneous collection of disorders with hypogammaglobulinemia with recurrent bacterial infections and high incidence of autoimmune disorders as its hallmark. We report a 7-year-old girl suffering from CVID with Coombs' test positive hemolytic anemia. She had been relatively well until 23-months old when she was admitted to Taejon St. Mary' s Hospital with pneumonia 5 years ago. Afterwards, she had...