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Review Article
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
Pathogenesis of minimal change nephrotic syndrome: an immunological concept
Seong Heon Kim, Se Jin Park, Kyoung Hee Han, Andreas Kronbichler, Moin A. Saleem, Jun Oh, Beom Jin Lim, Jae Il Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(5):205-211.   Published online May 31, 2016

Idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (INS) in children is characterized by massive proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. Minimal change nephrotic syndrome (MCNS) is the most common form of INS in children. The pathogenesis of MCNS still remains unclear, however, several hypotheses have been recently proposed. For several decades, MCNS has been considered a T-cell disorder, which causes the impairment of the glomerular filtration barrier...

Original Article
Association of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells with natural course of childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura
Bo Ra Son, Ji Yoon Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(5):178-182.   Published online May 22, 2015
Purpose

The purpose of this study was to determine the frequency of CD4+CD25+FoxP3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the peripheral blood of patients with childhood chronic immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) exhibiting thrombocytopenia and spontaneous remission. The findings of this study indicate the possibility of predicting spontaneous recovery and pathogenesis of childhood chronic ITP.

Methods

Eleven children with chronic ITP (seven thrombocytopenic and four...

Review Article
Mechanisms of immune tolerance to allergens in children
Umut C. Kucuksezer, Cevdet Ozdemir, Mübeccel Akdis, Cezmi A. Akdis
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(12):505-513.   Published online December 20, 2013

Because the prevalence of allergic diseases has significantly increased in recent years, understanding the causes and mechanisms of these disorders is of high importance, and intense investigations are ongoing. Current knowledge pinpoints immune tolerance mechanisms as indispensable for healthy immune response to allergens in daily life. It is evident that development and maintenance of allergens-pecific T cell tolerance is of...

Original Article
Alteration of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ T cell level in Kawasaki disease
Su Ye Sohn, Young Wooh Song, Yun Ku Yeo, Yun Kyung Kim, Gi Young Jang, Chan Wook Woo, Jung Hwa Lee, Kwang Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(4):157-162.   Published online April 30, 2011
Purpose

Exaggerated pro-inflammatory reactions during the acute phase of Kawasaki disease (KD) suggest the role of immune dysregulation in the pathogenesis of KD. We investigated the profiles of T regulatory cells and their correlation with the clinical course of KD.

Methods

Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were collected from 17 KD patients during acute febrile and subacute afebrile phases. T cells expressing CD4, CD25,...

Review Article
Natural killer T cell and pathophysiology of asthma
Gwang Cheon Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):136-145.   Published online February 15, 2010
Natural killer T (NKT) cell is a special type of T lymphocytes that has both receptor of natural killer (NK) cell (NK1.1, CD161c) and T cell (TCR) and express a conserved or invariant T cell receptor called Vα14Jα18 in mice or Va24 in humans. Invariant NKT (iNKT) cell recognizes lipid antigen presented by CD1d molecules. Marine-sponge-derived glycolipid, α- galactosylceremide (α-GalCer),...
Original Article
Distribution of CD4＋CD25＋ T cells and graft-versus-host disease in human hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Dae Hyoung Lee, Nak Gyun Chung, Dae Chul Jeong, Bin Cho, Hack Ki Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(12):1336-1341.   Published online December 15, 2008
Purpose : This study aimed to determine the frequencies of CD4＋CD25＋ T cells in donor graft and peripheral blood CD4＋CD25＋ T cells in recipients after hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) and their association with graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Methods : Seventeen children who underwent HSCT were investigated. CD4＋CD25＋ T cells in samples from donor grafts and recipient peripheral blood were assessed...
The study on cytotoxicity of cytokines produced by the activated human NKT cells on neuroblastoma
Jin Young Cho, Young Wook Yoon, Hyang Suk Yoon, Jong Duk Kim, Du Young Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(4):439-445.   Published online April 15, 2006
Purpose : α-Galactosylceramide (α-GalCer)-stimulated human Vα24 natural killer T (NKT) cells exert antitumor activity against some leukemia in a CD1d dependent and TCR-mediated manner, but could not kill CD1d - negative neuroblastoma (NB) cells. There are few reports about the direct antitumor effect of highly secreted cytokines by these cells on activation. In this study, using a cell-free supernatant (SPN)...
DNA Methylation Change of IL-4 Gene from T Cell in Allergic Children
Jae Won Oh, Myung Gul Yum, Chang Ryul Kim, In-Joon Seol, Su A Shin, Ha Baik Lee, Se Jin Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(6):634-639.   Published online June 15, 2005
Purpose : An understanding of the immunological process is required if primary prevention of atopic diseases is to be developed in early childhood. But, it is too hard to distinguish atopy from nonatopy under the age of two clinically, because the expression of phenotype and cytokines is vague in early childhood. We evaluated DNA methylation changes at Th2 interleukin-4 gene...
Medical Lecture Course
Role of Mast Cells in Allergic Inflammation and Innate Immunity
Kangmo Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1137-1141.   Published online November 15, 2004
Mast cells play a key role in elicitation of the early-phase and late-phase IgE-mediated allergic inflammatory reactions. Mast cells are derived from pluripotent stem cells from the bone marrow. These cells migrate through circulation into connective tissues and mucosal surfaces where they mature. On the cell surfaces, mast cells have high affinity IgE receptor(FcεRI), which react with specific IgE to...
Regulatory T Cells and Allogeneic Transplantation
Dae Chul Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(9):919-925.   Published online September 15, 2004
Allogeneic organ or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation(HSCT) is the treatment of choice for end-stage organ diseases or various hematologic disorders. The induction of alloantigen specific T cell tolerance and its maintenance are critical for preventing immune responses, including graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease(GVHD) in allogeneic transplantation. CD4＋ T cells are classified as immune functions : Th1 CD4＋ cells for cellular...
Case Report
A Case of Subcutaneous Panniculitis-like T Cell Lymphoma in Childhood
Yoon Seok Choi, Kyung Mi Shin, Sung Chul Won, Chuhl Joo Lyu, Chang Hyun Yang, Byung Soo Kim, Moon Kyu Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):1028-1032.   Published online August 15, 2002
Subcutaneous pannicultis-like T cell lymphoma is a rare cutaneous T cell lymphoma. It presents with multiple subcutaneous nodules or plaques involving the extremities or trunk, and with constitutional symptoms that include fever, malaise, fatigue, myalgia, chills and weight loss. Histologically, the lesions of this disease are reminiscent of panniculitis and are composed of a mixture of small and large atypical...
Original Article
Immunologic Characteristics of CATCH 22 Syndrome
Hye Young Ryu, Eun Kyung Jo, Eun Jung Cheon, Hong Ryang Kil, Jae Ho Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2000;43(11):1423-1429.   Published online November 15, 2000
Purpose : Microdeletion of chromosome 22q11.2 are associated with DiGeorge syndrome(DGS), velocardiofacial syndrome(VCFS) and conotruncal anomaly face syndrome(CTAFS). DGS was originally described as an immunodeficiency disorder secondary to impaired T cell production due to thymic aplasia or hypoplasia. But the frequency & severity of immunodeficiency of other clinical syndromes associated with the chromosome 22q11 deletion has not been investigated. This...
Antilymphocyte Globulin Therapy for Aplastic Anemia in Children
Soo Jong Hong, Hee Young Shin, Hyo Seop Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(11):1526-1539.   Published online November 15, 1994
Immunosuppressive therapy based on the use of antilymphocyte globulin (ALG) has become standard therapy for patients with aplastic anemia who are not eligible for bone marrow transplantation. In this study, T cell subsets before and after ALG therapy, hematologic responses, complications and prognostic factors were analysed. Eleven (42%) out of twenty-six patients treated with ALG showed response, but...
Case Report
A Case of Congenital T Cell Lymphoblastic Lymphoma
Eun Sun Yoo, Young Mi Hong, Kyung Hee Kim, Hae Soo Gyu, Eun Chul Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(9):1296-1304.   Published online September 15, 1994
T cell lymphoblastic lymphoma is characterized by immature lymphoid cells that are indistinguishable from the lymphoblasts and prolymphocytes of acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Several characteristic clinical features of lymphoblastic lymphoma, with include a high male-to-female ratio, a relatively high incidence in older children and young adults, the frequent presence of mediastinal involvement at the time of diagnosis. Also, this disease is...
Characterization of the Novel Late T Cell Activation Proteins, 519 and 520
Dae-Yeol Lee, Alan M Krensky
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(3):409-416.   Published online March 15, 1993
The late T cell activation gene, 519, is expressed in antigen specific, growth factor dependent T cell lines and clones but not in T or B cell tumors, other hematopoietic cells, tonsil, muscle, lung, or liver. Resting peripheral blood ymphocytes(PBLs)express little or no 519mRNA, but levels increase dramatically 5~7 days after activation with alloantigen or mitoen. Four alternatively spliced transcripts...
Original Article
Two cases of islet cell hyperplasia with nesidioblastosis.
Myeong Ku Cho, Kyeong Bae Park, Gyu Bum Cho, Dong Hwan Lee, Sang Jhoo Lee, D.H Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(2):273-280.   Published online February 28, 1991
Hypoglycemia due to Hyperinsulinism is associated with nesidioblastosis, islet cell hyperplasia or adenoma. We experienced two newborn infants suffering from recurrent attacks of hypoglycemia, they were underwent a subtotal pancreatectomy for suspected islet cell dysmaturation syndrome. No tumor was found, but histology revealed islet cell hyperplasia and nesidioblastosis. After surgery one case who was treated with diazoxide, had persistent hypoglycemia but the other showed normal glucose...
A Study on Periphral T Cell Subsets in Asymptomatic HBsAg Carriers and Children with Chronic Hepatitis B and Hepatitis B vaccine Inoculated Infants.
Hee Joo Jeon, Chan Yung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(9):1248-1258.   Published online September 30, 1989
To elucidate the characteristics of immunoregulatory system of children with chronic active hepatitis B and hepatitis B vaccine inoculated infant, the authors examined T cell subsets of the peripheral blood in 16 children with asymptomatic HBsAg carriers, 19 children with chronic hepatitis B (11 chronic persistent hepatitis (CPH) and 8 chronic active hepatitis (CAH) and 21 hepatitis B vaccine inoculated infants as well as...
Case Report
A Case of Urticaria Pigmentosa.
Byung Yun Chung, Jun Ho Kim, Go Chang Kim, Woon Jae Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(10):1078-1081.   Published online October 31, 1982
We experienced a case of urticaria pigmentosa. A 3,400 gm female infant was torn after 38 weeks gestation to a 24 years old mother. On 3rd hospital day, a brownish small lesion was seen on the left malleolar region. Two months later, she visited to our hospital with multiple skin lesions. Diagnosis was established by skin biopsy. The review of the related literature was...
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