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Original Article
Evaluation of new American Academy of Pediatrics guideline for febrile urinary tract infection
Da Min Choi, Tae Hoon Heo, Hyung Eun Yim, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(9):341-346.   Published online September 21, 2015
Purpose

To evaluate the practical applications of the diagnosis algorithms recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics urinary tract infection (UTI) guideline.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of febrile UTI patients aged between 2 and 24 months. The patients were divided into 3 groups: group I (patients with positive urine culture and urinalysis findings), group II (those with positive urine culture...

Clinical risk factors associated with the development of wheezing in children less than 2 years of age who required hospitalization for viral lower respiratory tract infections
Joon Hwan Kim, Ji-Yeon Choi, Na Yeon Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Ji Hyeon Baek, Hye Sung Baek, Jung Won Yoon, Hye Mi Jee, Sun Hee Choi, Hyeung Yoon Kim, Ki Eun Kim, Youn Ho Shin, Man Yong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(7):245-250.   Published online July 22, 2015
Purpose

Wheezing following viral lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) in children <2 years of age is an important risk factor for the development of asthma later in life; however, not all children with viral LRTIs develop wheezing. This study investigated risk factors for the development of wheezing during viral LRTIs requiring hospitalization.

Methods

The study included 142 children <2 years of age hospitalized...

Validity of bag urine culture for predicting urinary tract infections in febrile infants: a paired comparison of urine collection methods
Geun-A Kim, Ja-Wook Koo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(5):183-189.   Published online May 22, 2015
Purpose

Catheter urine (CATH-U) and suprapubic aspiration (SPA) are reliable urine collection methods for confirming urinary tract infections (UTI) in infants. However, noninvasive and easily accessible collecting bag urine (CBU) is widely used, despite its high contamination rate. This study investigated the validity of CBU cultures for diagnosing UTIs, using CATH-U culture results as the gold standard.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed 210 infants,...

Case Report
Neonatal invasive Streptococcus gallolyticus subsp. pasteurianus infection with delayed central nervous system complications
Jung-Weon Park, So-Hee Eun, Eui-Chong Kim, Moon-Woo Seong, Yun-Kyung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(1):33-36.   Published online January 31, 2015

Group D streptococci are known to cause newborn septicemia and meningitis, but the Streptococcus bovis group strains rarely cause serious neonatal infections in Korea. Central nervous system (CNS) complications of neonatal S. bovis group infection have rarely been reported. In adults, S. bovis group strains cause bacteremia and endocarditis, and are associated with gastrointestinal malignancy. However, only a few studies...

Chronic Epstein-Barr virus infection causing both benign and malignant lymphoproliferative disorders
Yoojin Kwun, Soo-Jong Hong, Jin Seong Lee, Da Hye Son, Jong Jin Seo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(9):420-424.   Published online September 30, 2014

The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is oncogenic and can transform B cells from a benign to a malignant phenotype. EBV infection is also associated with lymphoid interstitial pneumonia (LIP). Here, we report the case of a 14-year-old boy who was diagnosed with a latent EBV infection and underlying LIP, without any associated immunodeficiency. He had been EBV-seropositive for 8 years. The...

Original Article
Ten years of experience in the prevention of mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus transmission in a university teaching hospital
Jung-Weon Park, Tae-Whan Yang, Yun-Kyung Kim, Byung-Min Choi, Hai-Joong Kim, Dae-Won Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2014;57(3):117-124.   Published online March 31, 2014
Purpose

Administration of antiretroviral drugs to mothers and infants significantly decreases mother-to-child human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission; cesarean sections and discouraging breastfeeding further decreases this risk. The present study confirmed the HIV status of babies born to mothers infected with HIV and describes the characteristics of babies and mothers who received preventive treatment.

Methods

This study retrospectively analyzed medical records of nine infants...

Association between cord blood 25-hydroxyvitamin D concentrations and respiratory tract infections in the first 6 months of age in a Korean population: a birth cohort study (COCOA)
Youn Ho Shin, Jinho Yu, Kyung Won Kim, Kangmo Ahn, Seo-Ah Hong, Eun Lee, Song-I Yang, Young-Ho Jung, Hyung Young Kim, Ju-Hee Seo, Ji-Won Kwon, Byoung-Ju Kim, Hyo-Bin Kim, Jung Yeon Shim, Woo Kyung Kim, Dae Jin Song, So-Yeon Lee, Soo Young Lee, Gwang Cheon Jang, Dong In Suh, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Bong Sung Kim, Suk-Joo Choi, Soo-Young Oh, Ja-Young Kwon, Kyung-Ju Lee, Hee Jin Park, Pil Ryang Lee, Hye-Sung Won, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(10):439-445.   Published online October 31, 2013
Purpose

Previous studies suggest that the concentration of 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] in cord blood may show an inverse association with respiratory tract infections (RTI) during childhood. The aim of the present study was to examine the influence of 25(OH)D concentrations in cord blood on infant RTI in a Korean birth cohort.

Methods

The levels of 25(OH)D in cord blood obtained from 525 Korean...

The control of invasive Candida infection in very low birth weight infants by reduction in the use of 3rd generation cephalosporin
Yu Jin Chang, Il Rak Choi, Won Sub Shin, Jang Hoon Lee, Yun Kyung Kim, Moon Sung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(2):68-74.   Published online February 25, 2013
Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of new management policies on the incidence of invasive Candida infections

Methods

This observational study involved a retrospective analysis of the patients' medical records. In total, 99 very low birth weight infants, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Ajou University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011, were enrolled for the study. Period I,...

Detection rate and clinical impact of respiratory viruses in children with Kawasaki disease
Ja Hye Kim, Jeong Jin Yu, Jina Lee, Mi-Na Kim, Hong Ki Ko, Hyung Soon Choi, Young-Hwue Kim, Jae-Kon Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(12):470-473.   Published online December 20, 2012
Purpose

The purpose of this prospective case-control study was to survey the detection rate of respiratory viruses in children with Kawasaki disease (KD) by using multiplex reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and to investigate the clinical implications of the prevalence of respiratory viruses during the acute phase of KD.

Methods

RT-PCR assays were carried out to screen for the presence of respiratory syncytial...

Regional differences in phylogenetic group of Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with urinary tract infection in Korea
Ui-Yoon Choi, Seung Beom Han, Soo Young Lee, Jin Han Kang, Sun Mi Kim, Sang Hyuk Ma
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(11):420-423.   Published online November 23, 2012
Purpose

We phylogenetically analyzed the Escherichia coli strains isolated from children with urinary tract infection (UTI) in 2 regions of Korea. Virulence factors (VFs) and antibiotic resistance of the strains were also determined to compare the possible differences.

Methods

A total of 138 E. coli strains were collected from the 2 regions; Gyeongin (78 strains) and Gyeongnam (60 strains). The phylogenetic groups were...

Review Article
Renal scar formation after urinary tract infection in children
Young Seo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2012;55(10):367-370.   Published online October 29, 2012

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is a common bacterial illness in children. Acute pyelonephritis in children may lead to renal scarring with the risk of later hypertension, preeclampsia during pregnancy, proteinuria, and renal insufficiency. Until now, vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) has been considered the most important risk factor for post-UTI renal scar formation in children. VUR predisposes children with UTI to pyelonephritis,...

Case Report
A case of reactive arthritis after Salmonella enteritis in in a 12-year-old boy
Peter Chun, Young Jin Kim, Young Mi Han, Young Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(7):313-315.   Published online July 31, 2011

Reactive arthritis comprises a subgroup within infection-associated arthritides in genetically susceptible hosts. Researchers and clinicians recognize two clinical forms of reactive arthritis which occurs after genitourinary tract infection and after gastrointestinal tract infection. Chlamydia infection has been implicated as the most common agent associated with post-venereal reactive arthritis. Studies have proposed Shigella infection, Salmonella infection, or Yersinia infection as the...

Original Article
Antibiotic susceptibility and imaging findings of the causative microorganisms responsible for acute urinary tract infection in children: a five-year single center study
Ji Eun Yoon, Wun Kon Kim, Jin Seok Lee, Kyeong-Seob Shin, Tae-Sun Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(2):79-85.   Published online February 28, 2011
Purpose

We studied the differences in the antibiotic susceptibilities of the microorganisms that causeing urinary tract infections (UTI) in children to obtain useful information on appropriate drug selection for childhood UTI.

Methods

We retrospectively analyzed the antibiotic susceptibilities of 429 microorganisms isolated from 900 patients diagnosed with UTI in the Department of Pediatrics, Chungbuk National University Hospital, from 2003 to 2008.

Results

The most common...

Clinical manifestations of CNS infections caused by enterovirus type 71
Cheol Soon Choi, Yun Jung Choi, Ui Yoon Choi, Ji Whan Han, Dae Chul Jeong, Hyun Hee Kim, Jong Hyun Kim, Jin Han Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2011;54(1):11-16.   Published online January 31, 2011
Purpose

Enterovirus 71, one of the enteroviruses that are responsible for both hand-foot-and-mouth disease and herpangina, can cause neural injury. During periods of endemic spread of hand-foot-andmouth disease caused by enterovirus 71, CNS infections are also frequently diagnosed and may lead to increased complications from neural injury, as well as death. We present the results of our epidemiologic research on the...

Case Report
Transient splenial lesion of the corpus callosum in a case of benign convulsion associated with rotaviral gastroenteritis
Yoon Young Jang, Kye Hyang Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(9):859-862.   Published online September 13, 2010

Transient magnetic resonance (MR) signal changes in the splenium of the corpus callosum (SCC) arise from many different conditions, including encephalopathy or encephalitis caused by infection, seizures, metabolic derangements, and asphyxia. Few case reports exist on reversible SCC lesions associated with rotavirus infection. A benign convulsion with mild gastroenteritis (CwG) is frequently associated with rotaviral infections. This entity is characterized...

Original Article
Microalbuminuria in children with urinary tract infection
Byung Ok Kwak, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(9):840-844.   Published online September 13, 2010
Purpose

Microalbuminuria is defined as increased urinary albumin excretion (30-300 mg/day) or microalbumin/creatinine ratio (30-300 mg/g) in a spot urine sample. Although microalbuminuria is a predictor of clinical nephropathy and cardiomyopathy, few studies have investigated microalbuminuria in children with urinary tract infection (UTI).

Methods

Therefore, we compared the spot urine microalbumin/creatinine ratio in pediatric UTI patients with that of control subjects. We investigated...

Clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections due to 13 respiratory viruses detected by multiplex PCR in children
Jeong-Sook Lim, Sung-Il Woo, Hyuk-Il Kwon, Hyuk-Il Kwon, Young-Ki Choi, Youn-Soo Hahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(3):373-379.   Published online March 15, 2010
Purpose : This study was performed to investigate the epidemiologic and clinical features of 13 respiratory viruses in children with acute lower respiratory tract infections (ALRIs). Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates were prospectively obtained from 325 children aged 15 years or less from May 2008 to April 2009 and were tested for the presence of 13 respiratory viruses by multiplex real-time-polymerase chain...
The relationships between clinical variables and renal parenchymal disease in pediatric clinically suspected urinary tract infection
Jung Lim Byun, Sang Taek Lee, Sochung Chung, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(2):222-227.   Published online February 15, 2010
Purpose : To evaluate the significance of clinical signs and laboratory findings as predictors of renal parenchymal lesions and vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) in childhood urinary tract infection (UTI). Methods : From July 2005 to July 2008, 180 patients admitted with a first febrile UTI at the Pediatric Department of Konkuk University Hospital were included in this study. The following were...
Association between Kawasaki disease and acute respiratory viral infections
Eun Young Cho, Byung Wook Eun, Nam Hee Kim, Jina Lee, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee, Jung Yun Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(11):1241-1248.   Published online November 15, 2009
Purpose : The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is still unknown. Recently, an association between human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63) and KD was implicated. Hence, we attempted to determine the association between KD and acute respiratory viral infections. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirate samples were obtained from 54 patients diagnosed with KD at the Seoul National University (SNU) Children’s Hospital and SNU-Bundang Hospital...
Microbiological spectrum and antibiotic susceptibility pattern in more than 24-month-old children with urinary tract infection: A6-year retrospective, single center experience
Jeong Hee Ko, Jee Hyung Lee, Eun Jung Shim, Do jun Cho, Ki Sik Min, Ki Yang Yoo, Dae Young Lee, Hee Jung Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1147-1152.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : To characterize the pathogens and their antibiotic susceptibilities in more than 24-month-old children with urinary tract infection (UTI) and to study the Escherichia coli antimicrobial susceptibility trend. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed the record of more than 24-month-old children with UTI between January 2003 and December 2008. Positive results for 1 bacterial species with a colony count of...
Comparative study of newborns of Asian immigrant and Korean women
Hee-ok Park, Jae-woo Lim, Hyun-seung Jin, Jae-won Shim, Min-hee Kim, Chun-soo Kim, Eun-ryoung Kim, Seung-youn Kim, Sang-kee Park, Jung-joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(10):1119-1126.   Published online October 15, 2009
Purpose : This study compares the maternal characteristics and birth outcomes of infants of Asian immigrant mothers from developing countries with those of the infants of Korean mothers. Methods : In this multicenter and retrospective study, Asian immigrant women who had delivered between January 2005 and June 2008 were enrolled from9 Medical Centers. In all, 333 births to Asian immigrant...
Case Report
A case of adolescent Kawasaki disease with Epstein-Barr virus-associated infectious mononucleosis complicated by splenic infarction
Byeong Sam Choi, Bo Sang Kwon, Gi Beom Kim, Yoon Kyung Jeon, Jung-Eun Cheon, Eun Jung Bae, Chung Il Noh, Jung Yun Choi, Yong Soo Yun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1029-1034.   Published online September 15, 2009
Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that affects children. There are few reports that describe the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) as the possible infectious agent of KD. Here, we describe a case of KD in a 15- year-old boy complicated with giant coronary artery aneurysms, pericardial effusion, and splenic infarction. The clinical course of KD was...
Review Article
Guidelines for childhood urinary tract infection
Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):976-983.   Published online September 15, 2009
Urinary tract infection (UTI), the most common bacterial disease in childhood, is frequently associated with urinary tract anomalies (15-50%) and can induce renal scarring, which is a cause of hypertension and chronic kidney disease. Despite the high risk of renal scarring in infancy, the diagnosis may be delayed due to its nonspecific presenting symptoms; moreover, over-diagnosis is frequent due to...
Original Article
Clinical study of urinary tract infection, natural courses, and prenatal ultrasonographic results according to the grades of hydronephrosis
Jee-Hee Lee, Jun-Woo Kim, Ji-Eun Yoon, Tae-Sun Ha
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):917-921.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:Although renal ultrasonography (USG) has improved the detection rate of hydronephrosis (HN), its clinical courses and postnatal management remains controversial. Here, we reviewed the clinical features of patients with HN according to the grades. Methods:We retrospectively studied 207 patients who were regularly followed-up among 367 patients with HN detected by renal USG postnatally between April 1998 and December 2007. These patients were grouped...
Predictive factors for severe infection among febrile infants younger than three months of age
Eun Young Cho, Hwa Song, Ae Suk Kim, Sun Ju Lee, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi, Kwan Lee, Byoung Chan Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):898-903.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:This study investigated the predictive factors for identifying infection-prone febrile infants younger than three months. Methods:We conducted a retrospective study of 167 infants younger than three months with an axillary temperature >38℃ who were hospitalized between 2006 and 2008. If they met any of the following criteria, positive blood culture, CSF WBC ≥ 11/mm3 or positive CSF culture, urinalysis WBC ≥6/HPF and positive...
Salmonellosis in children: Analysis of 72 Salmonella-positive culture cases during the last 10 years
Sung Hoon Noh, Ka Young Yu, Jung Soo Kim, Pyoung Han Hwang, Dae Sun Jo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(7):791-797.   Published online July 15, 2009
Purpose : We aimed to investigate the clinical manifestations of and antibiotic resistance in culture-proven childhood salmonellosis. Methods : Clinical manifestations and laboratory data of and antibiotic use in subjects with culture-proven childhood salmonellosis, who were treated at the Chonbuk National University Hospital between September 1998 and August 2008, were analyzed retrospectively. Patients with underlying diseases or concomitant illnesses were excluded. Results...
Case Report
A Korean familial case of hereditary complement 7 deficiency
Moon Kyu Ki, Kyung Yul Lee, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):721-724.   Published online June 15, 2009
Meningococcal infections can be associated with abnormalities of the complement system, which contains 5 terminal complement proteins. Furthermore, deficiencies in 1 of these 5, complement component 7 (C7), leads to the loss of complement lytic function, and affected patients show increased susceptibility to recurrent meningococcal meningitis and systemic Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection. In September 2003, an 11-year-old female patient presented at...
Original Article
Clinical significance of codetection of the causative agents for acute respiratory tract infection in hospitalized children
Eui Jung Roh, Young Pyo Chang, Jae Kyung Kim, In Soo Rheem, Kwi Sung Park, Eun Hee Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):661-666.   Published online June 15, 2009
Purpose : To determine the prevalence and clinical features of codetected respiratory etiological agents for acute respiratory infection in hospitalized children. Methods : Nasopharyngeal aspirates were obtained from hospitalized children with acute respiratory infection at Dankook University Hospital from September 2003 through June 2005. Immunofluorescent staining and culture were used for the detection of respiratory viruses (influenza virus [IFV] types...
Review Article
Treatment of latent tuberculous infection in children and adolescent
Jong-Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):519-528.   Published online May 15, 2009
Tuberculosis continues to cause an unacceptably high toll of disease and death among children worldwide. Whereas intense scientific and clinical research efforts into novel diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive interventions have focused on tuberculosis in adults, childhood tuberculosis has been relatively neglected. However, children are particularly vulnerable to severe disease and death following infection, and those with latent infection become the...
Case Report
A case of fatal pneumococcal 19A meningoencephalitis despite administration of seven-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines
Ah Rum Heo, Jun Hwa Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(4):508-511.   Published online April 15, 2009
Streptococcus pneumoniae is a major cause of serious invasive diseases in children, especially in young infants, but seven- valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) is believed to prevent invasive pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis in young children. However, recently, the incidence of non-PCV7 serotype has increased after PCV7 vaccination. A 14-month- old female patient presented at our emergency room with mental change...
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