Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Gastroenterology

Balancing therapeutic benefits and hidden risks of proton pump inhibitors in pediatric practice: a narrative review and update

Maria Rogalidou, Alexandra Papadopoulou

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2026;69(3):186-196. Published online February 25, 2026

Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) effectively treat acid-related disorders, including gastroesophageal reflux disease, eosinophilic esophagitis, peptic ulcers, and Zollinger-Ellison syndrome. Long-term use, particularly in children, may lead to microbiome alterations, nutrient deficiencies, infections, renal injury, osteoporosis, fractures, and other gastrointestinal changes. PPI therapy should be guided by clear clinical indications, prescribed at the lowest effective dose for the shortest necessary duration, and regularly reassessed to minimize risks in young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2025.02761

Original Article

A Study of the Effects and Risks of Baby-walkers on Motor Development in Human Infants

Ji Young Lee, Sae Ah Min, Sun Hee Yu, Young Taek Jang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(2):122-127. Published online February 15, 2003

Purpose : Baby-walkers are used by many parents because of the convenience they provide in keeping children occupied, quiet, happy, and in stimulating ambulation. But, these devices have more risks than benefits. Therefore, we performed a study to evaluate the effects of baby-walkers on motor development of human infants according to the hours used in a day, total duration(months), and...

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The Side Effects of Antiepileptic drugs in Epileptic Children Treated withMonotherapy

Kon-Hee Lee, Hae-Sun Yoon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1993;36(3):320-327. Published online March 15, 1993

The goal of therapy of epileptic children is to control of seizures with minimal side effects of antiepileptic drug(AED). The relationship between side effects, serum levels and doses of AED were examined prospectively in 72 epileptic children who received monotherapy with phenobarbital, phenytoin, valproate, or carbamazepine for 6 to 26 months. Our results were as follows: 1) Side effects were observed in...

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A study on current immunization status attending an above-middle from class primary school in Seoul.

Jae Won Oh, Sung Lae Park, Sung Hee Oh, Hahng Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(9):1187-1200. Published online September 30, 1991

1. Purpose and Methodology The purpose of this survey was to estimate the current immunization status of Korean children by the information gathered by questionnaire distibuted to the parents of all children attending an above-middle class private primary school in Seoul and thereby analizing various factors closely related to the vaccination program as currently administered in Korea. The survey has been conducted by obtaining written answers...

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Effects of Antenatal Indomethacin on Neonate.

Ja Ye Kim, Seung Joo Lee, Keun Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(11):1066-1072. Published online November 30, 1985

Prostaglandins play an important role in mediating uterine contractions and thus may also be involved in the triggering of premature labor and spontaneous abortion. Consequently inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis has been suggested as a potential means of inhibiting premature labor. There are many controlled studies which have described the use of indomethacin for inhibition of premature labor with success. But...

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