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Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Patterns of ischemic injury on brain images in neonatal group B Streptococcal meningitis
Seo Yeol Choi, Jong-Wan Kim, Ji Won Ko, Young Seok Lee, Young Pyo Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(8):245-252.   Published online August 15, 2018

Purpose: This study investigated patterns of ischemic injury observed in brain images from patients with neonatal group B Streptococcal (GBS) meningitis. Methods: Clinical findings and brain images from eight term or near-term newborn infants with GBS meningitis were reviewed. Results: GBS meningitis was confirmed in all 8 infants via cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis, and patients tested positive for GBS in both blood and CSF cultures....
Neurology
Factors associated with mumps meningitis and the possible impact of vaccination
Kyuyol Rhie, Heung-Keun Park, Young-Soo Kim, Jung Sook Yeom, Ji Sook Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Eun Sil Park, Jae-Young Lim, Chan-Hoo Park, Hyang-Ok Woo, Hee-Shang Youn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(1):24-29.   Published online January 22, 2016
Purpose

Mumps meningitis is a common complication of mumps infection; however, information on mumps meningitis in the postvaccine era is limited. The purpose of the present study was to determine factors associated with mumps meningitis and to discuss the effect of vaccination on this disease.

Methods

We retrospectively reviewed patients younger than 19 years with mumps, diagnosed at a university hospital in Korea...

Analysis of clinical information and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction for early diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis
Dahee Jin, Tae Hoon Heo, Jung Hye Byeon, Gun-Ha Kim, Mi Kyung Kim, So-Hee Eun, Baik-Lin Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(11):446-450.   Published online November 22, 2015
Purpose

Meningitis is among the most common infections affecting the central nervous system. It can be difficult to determine the exact pathogen responsible for the infection and patients are often treated with empiric antibiotics. This study was conducted to identify the most common clinical characteristics of enteroviral meningitis in children and evaluate the diagnostic efficacy of reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)...

Applying the bacterial meningitis score in children with cerebrospinal fluid pleocytosis: a single center's experience
Jungpyo Lee, Hyeeun Kwon, Joon Soo Lee, Heung Dong Kim, Hoon-Chul Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(7):251-255.   Published online July 22, 2015
Purpose

The widespread introduction of bacterial conjugate vaccines has decreased the risk of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pleocytosis due to bacterial meningitis (BM) in children. However, most patients with CSF pleocytosis are hospitalized and treated with parenteral antibiotics for several days. The bacterial meningitis score (BMS) is a validated multivariate model derived from a pediatric population in the postconjugate vaccine era and...

Prevalence of human parechovirus and enterovirus in cerebrospinal fluid samples in children in Jinju, Korea
Ji-Hyun Seo, Jung Sook Yeom, Hee-Shang Youn, Tae-Hee Han, Ju-Young Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):102-107.   Published online March 20, 2015
Purpose

Human parechovirus (HPeV) and enterovirus (EV) are causative agents of a sepsis-like illness in neonates and of infections of the central nervous system in young children. The objectives of this study were to assess the prevalence of HPeV3 and EV infection in young children with a sepsis-like illness or with meningitis in Jinju, Korea.

Methods

Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were collected from...

Case Report
Severe dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome in a child
So Yoon Choi, Ho Yeon Hwang, Jung Hyun Lee, Jae Sun Park, Min Soo Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(6):260-264.   Published online June 21, 2013

Dapsone (4,4'-diaminodiphenylsulfone, DDS), a potent anti-inflammatory agent, is widely used in the treatment of leprosy and several chronic inflammatory skin diseases. Dapsone therapy rarely results in development of dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome, which is characterized by fever, hepatitis, generalized exfoliative dermatitis, and lymphadenopathy. Here, we describe the case of an 11-year-old Korean boy who initially presented with high fever, a morbilliform...

A case of acute aseptic meningitis associated with herpes zoster
Myong A Kim, Rita Miyoung Yu, Kee Hyuck Kim, Hee Jung Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(6):705-709.   Published online June 15, 2009
Herpes zoster is caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV), which affects nerve ganglions. VZV infection may be associated with neurologic complications, which are usually observed after vesicular exanthem. Acute aseptic meningitis is a rare complication of VZV reactivation. We report the case of a previously healthy 14-year-old boy who suffered from aseptic meningitis that was attributed to reactivated VZV infection...
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease with aseptic meningitis
Se Jin Park, Won Jin Moon, Wan Seop Kim, Kyo Sun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(5):622-626.   Published online May 15, 2009
Kikuchi-Fujimoto disease was initially described as a self-limiting histiocytic necrotizing lymphadenitis in Japan in 1972, and is predominantly observed in women under the age of 30 year and in Asian populations. The pathogenesis is still poorly understood but is thought to include infections, and autoimmune and neoplastic diseases. The most common clinical manifestations are fever and painless cervical lymphadenitis. Diagnosis...
Original Article
Bacterial meningitis in children experienced at a university hospital, 1993-2006
Sung Yoon Cho, Tae Yeon Kim, Hyunju Lee, Kyung Hyo Kim, Eun Sun Yoo, Hae Soon Kim, Eun Ae Park, Kyung Ha Ryu, Jeong Wan Seo, Sejung Sohn, Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(10):1077-1084.   Published online October 15, 2008
Purpose : Despite the seriousness of bacterial meningitis in children, there is little information on the incidence, causative organisms, mortality rate and age distribution. We studied the frequency by age group and causal pathogens, and clinical characteristics in children with bacterial meningitis in the private sector in Korea. Methods : The medical records containing the data on bacterial meningitis patients...
A clinical study of child bacterial meningitis in Daejeon and Chungcheong area : 2001-2005
Yong Joo Lee, Soo Jin Lee, Ho Jin Park, Young Hyuk Lee, So Young Kang, Young Chang Kim, In Kyu Lee, Kyung Yeon Lee, Keon Su Lee, Won Seop Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(2):157-162.   Published online February 15, 2007
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to analyze the epidemiology, causative organism, clinical manifestation and prognosis of bacterial meningitis for children after the introduction of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccine in Daejeon and Chungcheong area. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 53 medical records who had been diagnosed with bacterial meningitis at 10 general or university hospitals...
Comparison of hypertonic saline treatment in meningitis with cerebral edema
Hyung Su Kim, Hee Ra Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(12):1275-1281.   Published online December 15, 2006
Purpose : Cerebral edema in meningitis is a potentially complication. Hypertonic saline of various concentrations are frequently used to treat cerebral edemas in meningitis. We analyzed the safety and efficacy of osmotic therapy in cerebral edema by comparison of various hypertonic saline concentrations and mannitol. Methods : The medical records of 42 patients, who were followed up in the Department of...
Utility of polymerase chain reaction(PCR) according to sampling time in CSF and stool specimens from patient with aseptic meningitis
Myo Jing Kim, Hye Jin Lee, Jung Mi Choi, Soo Jin Jung, Jae Won Huh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(7):745-750.   Published online July 15, 2006
Purpose : Enteroviruses are the most common cause of aseptic meningitis in patients of all ages. A definite diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis can be established by detection of virus directly in CSF specimens. But this is time-consuming and lacks sensitivity, so polymerase chain reaction(PCR) detecting of viral RNA in patient specimens such as CSF, stool has been demonstrated. But little...
A study of neuropeptides related to headaches in children with meningeal irritation signs
Bo Gil Seo, Myung Hwan Yoo, Jae Won Shim, Jung Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Deok-Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(5):533-538.   Published online May 15, 2006
Purpose : The headache, one of the symptoms of meningitis, is related to abrupt elevation of intracranial pressure(ICP) or stimulation of intracranial nociceptive structure. However, in cases of mild elevation of ICP or normal findings of cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) analysis, patients sometimes complain of headaches. Therefore, other pathways may contribute to the occurrence of headaches in aseptic meningitis or meningismus. We...
Urinary tract infections in infants under six months of age
Min Joo Kang, Hye Kyung Shin, Hyung Eun Yim, Bo-Kyung Je, So Hee Eun, Byung Min Choi, Jong-Tae Park, Baik Lin Eun, Kee Hwan Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(3):278-286.   Published online March 15, 2006
Purpose : Although suprapubic bladder aspiration(SBA) is the most reliable technique for identifying bacteriuria in young infant, no report has been published about the clinical manifestations of urinary tract infection(UTI) diagnosed by aspirated urine in Korea. This study was performed to examine clinical manifestations and related factors of UTI confirmed by a positive urine culture obtained by SBA in young infants. Methods : We reviewed...
Clinical Entities and Etiology of Invasive Bacterial Infections in Apparently Healthy Children
Joon Ho Lee, Eun Kyoung Song, Jin A Lee, Nam Hee Kim, Dong Ho Kim, Ki Won Park, Eun Hwa Choi, Hoan Jong Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(11):1193-1200.   Published online November 15, 2005
ilus influenzae has been declined to 4% each from 23% and 14%, respectively, compared to previous study. S. agalactiae was the most common isolate in the infants ≤3 months. Among the infants and children aged 3 months to 2 years and children of 2-5 years, S. pneumoniae(57%, 52%, respectively, in each group) was the most common isolates followed by S....
Case Report
A Case of Meningococcal Meningitis with Complement 9 Deficiency
Sun-Mee Choi, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Byung-Churl Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):101-103.   Published online January 15, 2005
Meningococcal disease is not rarely associated with abnormalities of the complement system. We experienced a case of C9 deficiency with meningococcal meningitis from a 12-year-old girl. Identification of complement deficiency has implications for management, including family studies, prophylaxis, vaccination, and altered threshold for infection screening and treatment.
Original Article
Serum and Cerebrospinal Fluid(CSF) Nitric Oxide, Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1α and Lactoferrin Levels in Aseptic Meningitis
Young Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Jae Won Shim, Deok Su Kim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(1):48-54.   Published online January 15, 2005
Purpose : The pathologic mechanisms of central nervous system(CNS) injuries in human meningitis are not yet completely understood. Recent studies indicate that the host inflammatory responses are as important in brain damage as the infecting organisms and toxins. There have been some reports on the relationship of nitric oxide(NO), macrophage inflammatory protein-1α(MIP-1α), and lactoferrin in bacterial meningitis, but few reports...
Epidemiologic Study of Aseptic Meningitis in Daejeon, Korea(1987 through 2003)
Jung-Hoon You, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Mi-Hee Lee, Byung-Chul Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(11):1181-1185.   Published online November 15, 2004
Purpose : To evaluate the epidemiologic characteristics of aseptic meningitis in Daejeon, Korea from 1987 to 2003. Methods : A total of 2201 medical records of children with aseptic meningitis admitted to the Catholic University of Korea, Daejeon St. Mary's Hospital, was retrospectively analyzed. Results : The mean annual number of cases was 129, with a higher rate of occurrence in the...
CSF Examination in the First Febrile Seizure
Joseph Jo, Sun Hee Yu, Young Taek Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(7):762-767.   Published online July 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was launched to classify subjects of the CSF examination and improve early diagnosis of meningitis and its treatment in children who have had a first febrile seizure. Methods : From March 1995 to September 2003, children aged 3 months to 5 years who had had treatment for febrile seizure were analyzed as to their age at first...
Is Acute Nonspecific Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Associated with Acute Abdominal Pain in Epidemic Aseptic Meningitis?
Hae Rim Kim, Kiyoung Ku, Young Hwan Lee, Sin Kam, Jin-Bok Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(6):623-627.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Acute abdominal pain in an epidemic aseptic meningitis which is mostly an enterovirus as causative agent, is noted in 23-55% of patients. An enterovirus is also known as one of the causes of acute nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis(ANML). The purpose of this study was to see if ANML was associated with acute abdominal pain in epidemic aseptic meningitis. Methods :...
Aseptic Meningitis Secondary to High-Dose Intravenous Immunoglobulin Therapy in Kawasaki Disease
Ae Ra Cho, Jee Yoon Park, Kyung Hyo Kim, Young Mi Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):561-566.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease is a multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis and associated with neurologic features such as aseptic meningitis. High-dose intravenous immunoglobulin(IVIG) is used to treat Kawasaki disease and generally considered to be safe, but rare cases of aseptic meningitis with unknown etiology have been reported. The aseptic meningitis associated with Kawasaki disease was compared with meningitis as the adverse reaction...
Interpretation of Traumatic Lumbar Puncture in Aseptic Meningitis
Su Jin Sung, Jung Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):543-546.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : This study was undertaken to find out a useful method that can predict the true leukocytosis in blood-contaminated cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) due to traumatic lumbar puncture(LP), using white and red cell counts of sanguineous CSF and peripheral blood. Methods : From May 2001 to December 2002, among 1,247 patients presenting symptoms of meningitis who had received LP at Chonnam Hospital,...
Clinical and Virologic Study of Aseptic Meningitis
Hyun Ji Kim, Hae Kwan Cheong, Cheoll Jung, Kyu Man Lee, Young Mee Jee, Won Duck Kim, Dong Seok Lee, Doo Kwun Kim, Sung Min Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(4):392-398.   Published online April 15, 2004
Purpose : The cause of aseptic meningitis remains mostly unknown because viral culture and identification is difficult. Thus, we report a study on 123 children with aseptic meningitis in Gyeongju in 2002 to identify the causing virus and the relationship with the clinical manifestation. Methods : We prospectively investigated the patients, admitted to Dongguk University Hospital, into two groups between April...
Clinical Study of Group B β-Hemolytic Streptococcal Meningitis
Seo-Young Lee, Sou-Jeong You, Deok-Soo Kim, Tae-Sung Ko
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(12):1224-1229.   Published online December 15, 2003
Purpose : Bacterial meningitis is a serious disease, especially in the neonatal period, and it carries a significant degree of mortality and morbidity. Group B streptococcus(GBS) is a common cause of neonatal bacterial meningitis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the clinical manifestations, treatment results and complications of GBS meningitis. Methods : We analyzed 29 cases retrospectively who had...
Causative Organisms in Children with Bacterial Meningitis(1992-2002)
Hyun-Jung Kim, JI-Won Lee, Kyung-Yil Lee, Hyung-Shin Lee, Ja-Hyun Hong, Seung-Hoon Hahn, Kyung-Tai Whang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(11):1085-1088.   Published online November 15, 2003
Purpose : This study was performed to assess the difference of organisms causing bacterial meningitis according to time. Methods : We analyzed retrospectively 40 medical records of bacteriologically proven meningitis from 1992 to 2002. We divided them into two groups; neonate's group(14 cases), and children's group(26 cases). The results of the neonate's group were compared with those of previously reported articles...
Lumbar Puncture in Patients Who Experienced First Seizure with Fever
Jung Kim, Jun Su Lee, Sang Eun Lee, Wan Suk Choi, Sung Ryoung Han, Kyunglae Cho
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(10):1008-1012.   Published online October 15, 2003
Purpose : We aimed to ascertain whether lumbar punctures should be done to prove febrile seizure, and to study what conditions can delay or abolish lumbar puncture. Methods : This retrospective study was done for four years, from January, 1996 to December, 1999. The subjects were the patients who visited Masan Samsung Hospital for the first convulsion with fever, and...
A Clinical Study of Aseptic Meningitis in the Busan Area in 2002
Ji Hyun Park, Na Young Lee, Gil Hyun Kim, Jin Hwa Jung, Kyung Soon Cho, Sung Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(9):858-864.   Published online September 15, 2003
Purpose : There was a outbreak of aseptic meningitis in Busan, 2002. We report the clinical features and causative viruses. Methods : Two hundred seventy six children with aseptic meningitis who were admitted to the Department of Pediatrics, Maryknoll Hospital between January and December, 2002 were included. CSF, stool and throat swab viral cultures were done in 244 of these...
Increased Matrix Metalloproteinase-9 and Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 Levels in the Cerebrospinal Fluid from Children with Aseptic Meningitis
Ju Hee Yang, Min Hyuk Park, Jung-Yeon Shim, Hye Lim Jung, Moon Soo Park, Dong Hyuck Keum
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(6):548-553.   Published online June 15, 2003
Purpose : Matrix metalloproteinase(MMP)-9 is known to breakdown the blood-brain barrier by degrading the extracellular matrix of the subendothelial basement membrane in meningitis. Tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase(TIMP)-1, a known inhibitor of MMP-9, has been postulated to inhibit the proteolytic activity of MMP-9 by bindng to MMP-9, but their interaction has not been fully understood yet. So far, there have been...
Prognostic Value of Repeated Cerebrospinal Latex Agglutination Testing in Bacterial Meningitis
Soo Jeong Lee, So Hyun Ahn, Su Jin Cho, Hae Soon Kim, Seung Joo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(4):345-350.   Published online April 15, 2003
Purpose : Bacterial meningitis is a serious infection of childhood associated with a significant morbidity and mortality. Repeated cerebrospinal fluid(CSF) examination is a useful prognostic indicator and a delayed sterilization is associated with a higher incidence of neurologic abnormalities. In this study we tried to determine the prognostic value of repeated CSF latex agglutination testing. Methods : We retrospectively evaluated 19...
Urinary Tract Infections in Febrile Infants under Three Months of Age
Byung Wook Eun, Yoo Mi Chung, Hee Gyung Kang, Il Soo Ha, Hae Il Cheong, Hoan Jong Lee, Yong Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(3):265-270.   Published online March 15, 2003
Purpose : To characterize the infants under 3 months of age with urinary tract infections(UTIs), and especially patients with bacteremia or meningitis Methods : Hospital records of all the infants under 3 months of age discharged from our hospital for 69 consecutive months with the diagnosis of initial episode of UTI were reviewed. UTI was defined when patients had fever with...
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