Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Characteristics of temper tantrums in 1–6-year-old children and impact on caregivers

Warangkana Prutipaisan, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2025;68(2):170-177. Published online November 13, 2024

Question: What are common tantrum behaviors in preschool children, and how frequently are problematic behaviors observed? Do problematic tantrums have a different emotional impact on caregivers compared to typical tantrums?
Finding: Temper tantrums are common in preschool children, and verbal tantrums are the most common type.
Meaning: Problematic tantrums, defined as tantrums exhibiting aggressive physical behavior, long duration (>15 minutes), or frequent occurrence (>3 days/wk), significantly affected caregivers’ emotions.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00766

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Screen time among preschoolers: exploring individual, familial, and environmental factors

Sangha Lee, Donghee Kim, Yunmi Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(12):641-650. Published online September 12, 2024

This systematic review examined the correlation between screen time and various factors in preschoolers. Findings suggest that media parenting, including setting appropriate media limits, is crucial in protecting against excessive screen exposure. However, limited research has been done on the impact of family and personal factors, particularly with the increasing use of portable devices among young children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01746

Effect of pesticide exposure on stunting incidence: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Sani Rachman Soleman, Yaltafit Abror Jeem, Muhammad Fathi Banna Al Faruqi, Mahdea Kasyiva, Vita Widyasari, Kuswati Kuswati, Nur Aini Djunet, Muflihah Rizkawati, Ety Sari Handayani

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(10):510-518. Published online September 24, 2024

This review aimed to determine whether pesticide exposure is associated with stunting in children. The 13 included studies agree that pesticide exposure is not correlated with stunting incidence regardless of substance type (organophosphate and pyrethroid). Heterogeneity appeared with age covariate as potential confounding. The evidence of this study is challeng-ing, as the adverse effects of pesticides grossly occurred. The protection of children is warranted for preventing future neurodevelopment issues.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01522

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Neonatal risk factors associated with autism spectrum disorders: an umbrella review

Amir Mohammad Salehi, Erfan Ayubi, Salman Khazaei, Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Zohreh Salimi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):459-464. Published online July 19, 2024

Question: What are the neonatal risk factors for autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Findings: Significant effect sizes were observed for congenital heart disease (odds ratio [OR], 1.35), macrosomia (OR, 1.11), low birth weight (OR, 1.63), very low birth weight (OR, 2.25), small for gestational age (OR, 1.17), jaundice (OR, 1.74), male sex (OR, 1.47), and Apgar score (OR, 1.40).
Meaning: These factors were identified as risk factors for ASD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00136

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Comprehensive evaluation of the child with global developmental delays or intellectual disability

Abdullah Nasser Aldosari, T. Saeed Aldosari

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(9):435-446. Published online May 29, 2024

· A detailed history and comprehensive physical examination remain the cornerstones for establishing a diagnosis of global developmental delay/intellectual disability (GDD/ID).
· Comprehensive surveillance and screening programs play a significant role in the early detection of GDD.
· Whole-exome sequencing is highly recommended as first- or second-line testing for individuals with idiopathic GDD/ID.
· Early intervention by a well-versed multidisciplinary team can significantly improve the outcomes and prognosis of GDD/ID.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01697

Letter to the Editor

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Efficacy of social skills group intervention among children with mild autism spectrum disorder

Lee Ling Low, Ker Yang Chua, Bih Hwa Ching

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(7):368-370. Published online May 31, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2024.00122

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Effectiveness of online responsive teaching in young children with developmental disabilities: a pilot study

Jung Sook Yeom, Jeongmee Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(6):303-311. Published online May 21, 2024

Crossref 1

Question: Does online responsive teaching (RT) impact children's and parents’ emotions and behaviors, and do parents find it satisfactory?
Finding: Online RT significantly improved children's pivotal and problem behaviors, decreased parenting stress, and enhanced parental interactive styles with high satisfaction.
Meaning: This pilot study's findings suggest that online RT can enhance child outcomes, offering accessible interventions amid challenges such as limited access and pandemics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01662

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Clinical practice guidelines for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: recent updates

Tae Hoon Eom, Young-Hoon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):26-34. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 6 Crossref 7

· Primary pediatricians should play a key role in the diagnosis and treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
· The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, fifth edition, has lowered the diagnostic threshold for older teens and adults and a comorbid diagnosis with autism is now allowed.
· The American Academy of Pediatrics had added recommendation-related comorbid conditions in its guideline and the Society of Developmental and Behavioral Pediatrics recently developed a complex ADHD guideline.
· The European ADHD Guideline Group recently developed a guideline for managing ADHD during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01466

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Attention-deficit/hyperactive-impulsive disorder symptoms among grade 1 students with reading disorder in Thailand

Patcharapun Sarisuta, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):485-492. Published online October 24, 2023

Crossref 2

Question: Would students with reading disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactiveimpulsive disorder (ADHD) symptoms than neurotypical students?
Finding: Students at risk of reading disorder exhibited significant ADHD symptoms compared with those not at risk of reading disorder according to all presentations of teacher assessments versus only for predominantly inattentive presentations of the parental assessments.
Meaning: Students with reading disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD symptoms than neurotypical students. Sex, parental education level, average family income, and children’s school affiliation significantly influenced reading disorder prevalence.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00773

Review Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Spontaneous movements as prognostic tool of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a narrative review

Hyun Iee Shin, Myung Woo Park, Woo Hyung Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):458-464. Published online May 16, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 3

· Spontaneous movements can be useful to evaluate neuronal integrity in preterm infants.
· In General Movements Assessment, continuous cramped synchronized movements and absent fidgety movements can indicate high-risk infants for cerebral palsy.
· Recent advances in machine learning techniques have led to the automated prediction of cerebral palsy based on infantile spontaneous movements.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01235

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Impact of short and intensive art-based intervention on symptomatology and social interactions among children with autism spectrum disorder

Deldar Morad Abdulah, Bayar Mohammed Omar Abdulla, Pranee Liamputtong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):447-454. Published online September 14, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

Question: Does a short and intensive art-based intervention affect symptoms and social interactions among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Finding: The short and intensive art-based intervention did not affect symptoms in children with ASD level 2 or 3, including social awareness, social cognition, social communication, social motivation, and autistic mannerisms.
Meaning: The short and intensive art-based intervention did not improve the symptoms of patients with ASD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00640

Neonatal risk factors associated with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: an umbrella review

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Erfan Ayubi, Sajjad Farashi, Saeid Bashirian, Fereshteh Mehri

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):441-446. Published online July 14, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: The risk factors for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), such as breastfeeding, congenital heart disease, and low birth weight, in neonates are not well understood.
Finding: This umbrella review obtained significant effect sizes for ADHD for congenital heart disease (odds ratio [OR], 3.04), low birth weight (OR, 2.25), never breastfed (OR, 1.55), and Apgar score (OR, 1.30).
Meaning: Congenital heart disease, low birth weight, lack of breastfeeding, and Apgar scores were significant factors for ADHD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01396

Letter to the Editor

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Effect of rolling over pattern and caregiver perception on plagiocephaly in Korean infants

Jin A Yoon, Soo-Yeon Kim, Yong Beom Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):272-273. Published online May 24, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00108

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Parenting stress and interactive engagement behaviors in children with developmental delay

Jung Sook Yeom, Rock Bum Kim, Jae Young Cho, Ji Sook Park, Eun Sil Park, Ji-Hyun Seo, Jae-Young Lim, Hyang-Ok Woo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):252-261. Published online May 19, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Question: What level of parenting stress is experienced by parents of children with developmental delays (DDs) without autism spectrum disorder, and what factors contribute to it?
· Findings: Parents of children with DDs experienced high parenting stress that were significantly mediated by their children’s low interactive behaviors.
· Meaning: The interactive behaviors of children with DDs mediate parenting stress.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00101

Letter to the Editor

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

The influence of parental eating behaviors, child-feeding practices, and infants’ temperaments upon infants’ eating behaviors

Goh Woon Lim, Kyoung Min Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):466-468. Published online June 27, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01865

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Effectiveness of obesity interventions among South Korean children and adolescents and importance of the type of intervention component: a meta-analysis

Siyoung Choe, Jaesin Sa, Jean-Philippe Chaput, Deokjin Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(2):98-107. Published online November 23, 2021

Question: What is the overall effect of obesity interventions among Korean children and what affects their effectiveness?
Finding: Interventions were strongly favored over controls. Interventions including at least one physical activity component were significantly better than those that did not. Sex, age, baseline weight category, intervention duration, and the number of intervention components were not significant.
Meaning: Future obesity interventions for Korean children must seek to include physical activity components.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00409

Is meconium exposure associated with autism spectrum disorders in children?

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Erfan Ayubi, Salman Khazaei, Saeid Bashirian, Mojtaba Khazaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):341-346. Published online October 4, 2020

Crossref 1

• Meconium exposure is weakly associated with an increased risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) development in children.
• More evidence based on large prospective cohort studies is required to conclude whether meconium exposure is associated with an increased risk of ASD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01053

Development of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST)

Hee Jung Chung, Donghwa Yang, Gun-Ha Kim, Sung Koo Kim, Seoung Woo Kim, Young Key Kim, Young Ah Kim, Joon Sik Kim, Jin Kyung Kim, Cheongtag Kim, In-Kyung Sung, Son Moon Shin, Kyung Ja Oh, Hee-Jeong Yoo, Hee Joon Yu, Seoung-Joon Lim, Jeehun Lee, Hae-Ik Jeong, Jieun Choi, Jeong-Yi Kwon, Baik-Lin Eun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(11):438-446. Published online May 14, 2020

Web of Science 35 Crossref 37

Question: Can the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) be a useful screening tool for infants and children in Korea?
Finding: The K-DST has high reliability (internal consistency of 0.73–0.93, test-retest reliability of 0.77–0.88) and a high discriminatory ability with a sensitivity of 0.833 and specificity of 0.979.
Meaning: The K-DST is an effective and reliable screening tool for infants and children with neurodevelopmental disorders in Korea.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00640

Effect of omega-3 plus methylphenidate as an alternative therapy to reduce attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder in children

Soleiman Mohammadzadeh, Narmin Baghi, Fayegh Yousefi, Bahar Yousefzamani

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(9):360-366. Published online May 20, 2019

Crossref 10

Background: Attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common chronic behavioral disorders in school-aged children.
Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of omega-3 supplementation as an alternative therapy for ADHD, which can be caused by vitamin and mineral deficiencies. Methods: This was a double-blinded clinical trial study. Sixty-six children with ADHD (aged 6–12 years) referred to our child...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.06982

Validity of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for very-low-birth-weight infants

Chae Young Kim, Euiseok Jung, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(5):187-192. Published online March 20, 2019

Crossref 16

Purpose: The importance of the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants has been emphasized as their mortality rate has markedly improved. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST), a developmental screening tool approved by the Korean Society of Pediatrics, for the timely diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay in VLBW infants. Methods: Subjects included VLBW infants...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.07381

Mid-upper-arm circumference as a screening measure for identifying children with elevated body mass index: a study for Pakistan

Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Aslam, Saima Altaf

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(1):6-11. Published online January 22, 2018

Crossref 11

Purpose

Mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) is considered an alternative screening method for obesity. The aims of this investigation were to examine the ability of MUAC to correctly identify children with elevated body mass index (BMI) and to determine the best MUAC cutoff point for identification of children with high BMI.

Methods

Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, and MUAC) from a cross-sectional sample of 7,921 Pakistani...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2018.61.1.6

Usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for infants and children for the evaluation of developmental delay in Korean infants and children: a single-center study

Chung-Hyuk Yim, Gun-Ha Kim, Baik-Lin Eun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(10):312-319. Published online October 20, 2017

Crossref 23

Purpose

To evaluate the usefulness of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST) for infants and children for developmental delay assessment.

Methods

This study was based on retrospective studies of the results of the K-DST, Preschool Receptive-Expressive Language Scale (PRES), Sequenced Language Scale for Infants (SELSI), Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS), Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT), electroencephalography, magnetic resonance imaging, and extensive...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2017.60.10.312

Application of array comparative genomic hybridization in Korean children under 6 years old with global developmental delay

Kyung Yeon Lee, Eunsim Shin

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(9):282-289. Published online September 21, 2017

Crossref 1

Purpose

Recent advancements in molecular techniques have greatly contributed to the discovery of genetic causes of unexplained developmental delay. Here, we describe the results of array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) and the clinical features of 27 patients with global developmental delay.

Methods

We included 27 children who fulfilled the following criteria: Korean children under 6 years with global developmental delay; children who had...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2017.60.9.282

Behavioral and intelligence outcome in 8- to 16-year-old born small for gestational age

Kyung Hee Yi, Yoon Young Yi, Il Tae Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(10):414-420. Published online October 17, 2016

Crossref 14

Purpose

We investigated behavioral problems, attention problems, and cognitive function in children and adolescents born small for gestational age (SGA).

Methods

Forty-six SGA children born at term and 46 appropriate for gestational age (AGA) children born at term were compared. Psychiatric symptoms were examined with reference to the Korean-Child Behavior Checklist, Korean-Youth Self Report, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Rating Scale (ADHD-RS). Cognitive...

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/kjp.2016.59.10.414

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Developmental andBehavioral Medicine

Developmental and
Behavioral Medicine