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Review Article
Endocrinology
Endocrine comorbidities of pediatric obesity
Jieun Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(12):619-627.   Published online August 26, 2021
∙ Pediatric obesity can involve endocrine comorbidities such as prediabetes, type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, metabolic syndrome, polycystic ovary syndrome, and central precocious puberty.
∙ Prediabetes and type 2 diabetes in youth aged 10–19 years had a prevalence of 25.9% and 0.6% in 2013–2014, respectively.
∙ Dyslipidemia in Korean adolescents aged 10–18 years had a prevalence of 7.64% (total cholesterol ≥200 mg/dL), 6.09% (low-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≥130 mg/dL), 8.69% (triglyceride ≥150 mg/dL), and 12.52% (high-density lipoprotein cholesterol ≤40 mg/dL) in 2007–2018.
∙ Metabolic syndrome in Korean youth has a prevalence of 1.9%–14.7% in males and 1.7%–12.6% in females with wide variation in definitions.
∙ Appropriate comorbidity screening and management and/or specialist referral are necessary for obese children and adolescents.
Editorial
Endocrinology
Ambient air pollution and pediatric diabetes
Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(10):523-534.   Published online March 12, 2021
· Epidemiological studies have shown that ambient air pollution is associated with diabetes mellitus in children and adults.
· The mechanism of ambient air pollution causing diabetes mellitus is unclear.
· A study of the association between diabetes and air pollution in Korean pediatric populations is required.
Guideline
Endocrinology
2017 Clinical practice guidelines for dyslipidemia of Korean children and adolescents
Jung Sub Lim, Eun Young Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Jae-Ho Yoo, Kyung Hee Yi, Hyun Wook Chae, Jin-Ho Choi, Ji Young Kim, Il Tae Hwang; the Committee of Dyslipidemia of Korean Children and Adolescents on behalf of Korean Society of Pediatric Endocrinology (KSPE)
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(12):454-462.   Published online November 25, 2020
Question: How are children and adolescents with dyslipidemia treated and managed in Korea?
Finding: 2017 guidelines recommend to measure nonfasting non-HDL-C as a screening test and introduce new diet methods: Cardiovascular Health Integrated Lifestyle Diet (CHILD)-1, CHILD-2-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and CHILD-2-triglyceride. Statin is the only drug approved in children older than 10 years.
Meaning: New clinical practice guidelines for treating and managing dyslipidemia of Korean children and adolescents are provided.
Original Article
Endocrinology
Secular change in waist circumference and waist-height ratio and optimal cutoff of waist-height ratio for abdominal obesity among Korean children and adolescents over 10 years
Min Sub Kim, Se Young Kim, Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):261-268.   Published online December 3, 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the time trends of waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHR), and to present WC and WHR distributions with optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from 13,257 children and adolescents (6,987 boys and 6,270 girls) aged 6–18 years who were included...
Review Article
General Pediatrics
The 2017 Korean National Growth Charts for children and adolescents: development, improvement, and prospects
Jae Hyun Kim, Sungha Yun, Seung-sik Hwang, Jung Ok Shim, Hyun Wook Chae, Yeoun Joo Lee, Ji Hyuk Lee, Soon Chul Kim, Dohee Lim, Sei Won Yang, Kyungwon Oh, Jin Soo Moon; for the Committee for the Development of Growth Standards for Korean Children and Adolescents, the Committee for School Health and Public Health Statistics; the Committee for School Health and Public Health Statistics; the Korean Pediatric Society, and Division of Health and Nutrition Survey; Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(5):135-149.   Published online May 28, 2018

Growth charts are curves or tables that facilitate the visualization of anthropometric parameters, and are widely used as an important indicator when evaluating the growth status of children and adolescents. The latest version of the Korean National Growth Charts released in 2007 has raised concerns regarding the inclusion of data from both breastfed and formula-fed infants, higher body mass index...

Original Article
Endocrinology
The influence of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonists on anthropometric change in girls with central precocious puberty
Jong Wan Yoon, Hyun A Park, Jieun Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(12):395-402.   Published online December 22, 2017
Purpose

The potential effect of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) treatment on the weight of girls with central precocious puberty (CPP) remains a controversy. We investigated anthropometric changes during and after GnRHa treatment among girls with CPP.

Methods

This retrospective study evaluated data from 127 girls with CPP who received GnRHa treatment for ≥2 years. Height, weight, and body mass index (BMI) values were...

Case Report
Endocrinology
Concomitant occurrence of Turner syndrome and growth hormone deficiency
Jung Yu, Ha Young Shin, Chong Guk Lee, Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(Suppl 1):S121-S124.   Published online November 30, 2016

Turner syndrome (TS) is a genetic disorder in phenotypic females that has characteristic physical features and presents as partial or complete absence of the second sex chromosome. Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a condition caused by insufficient release of growth hormone from the pituitary gland. The concomitant occurrence of TS and GHD is rare and has not yet been reported...

Original Article
Change in the height of Korean children and adolescents: analysis from the Korea National Health and Nutrition Survey II and V
Na Yung Ryoo, Ha Young Shin, Jae Hyun Kim, Jin Soo Moon, Chong Guk Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(9):336-340.   Published online September 21, 2015
Purpose

The mean adult height of Koreans has increased since nationwide anthropological measurements began in 1967. The objective of this study was to evaluate differences in heights of Korean late adolescents and young adults within and between the Second and Fifth Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES II and V).

Methods

Koreans aged ≤22 years with available measurements of height were...

Usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography for the diagnosis of central precocious puberty in girls
Jung Yu, Ha Young Shin, Sun Hee Lee, You Sung Kim, Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(8):294-300.   Published online August 21, 2015
Purpose

It is difficult to differentiate between central precocious puberty (CPP) and premature thelarche (PT) in girls. The aim of this study was to investigate the diagnostic usefulness of pelvic ultrasonography to distinguish between CPP and PT in girls with early breast development.

Methods

This study included girls with early breast development who visited the clinic between January 2012 and December 2013. Clinical,...

Case Report
Massive pulmonary hemorrhage in enterovirus 71-infected hand, foot, and mouth disease
Dong Seong Lee, Young Il Lee, Jeong Bae Ahn, Mi Jin Kim, Jae Hyun Kim, Nam Hee Kim, Jong Hee Hwang, Dong Wook Kim, Chong Guk Lee, Tae Won Song
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(3):112-115.   Published online March 20, 2015

Hand, foot, and mouth disease (HFMD) is an acute, mostly self-limiting infection. Patients usually recover without any sequelae. However, a few cases are life threatening, especially those caused by enterovirus 71 (EV71). A 12-month-old boy was admitted to a primary hospital with high fever and vesicular lesions of the mouth, hands, and feet. After 3 days, he experienced 3 seizure...

Original Article
Remission rate and remission predictors of Graves disease in children and adolescents
Sun Hee Lee, Seong Yong Lee, Hye Rim Chung, Jae Hyun Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Young Ah Lee, Sei Won Yang, Choong Ho Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(9):1021-1028.   Published online September 15, 2009
Purpose : Medical therapy is the initial treatment for children with Graves disease to avoid complications of other treatments. However, optimal treatment for childhood Graves disease is controversial because most patients require relatively long periods of medical therapy and relapse is common after medication discontinuation. Therefore, this study aimed to search clinical or biochemical characteristics that could be used as...
Growth responses to growth hormone therapy in children with attenuated growth who showed normal growth hormone response to stimulation tests
Jae Hyun Kim, Hey Rim Chung, Young Ah Lee, Sun Hee Lee, Ji Hyub Kim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):922-929.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:The aim was to investigate the clinical characteristics and responses to growth hormone (GH) therapy in children with attenuated growth who showed normal GH responses to GH stimulation tests (GHST). Methods:The study included 39 patients with height velocity (HV) of less than 4 cm/yr and normal GHST results. Clinical characteristics of patients were analyzed retrospectively. Results:Eleven were born as small for gestational age (SGA)...
Factors for persistent growth hormone deficiency in young adults with childhood onset growth hormone deficiency
Young Ah Lee, Hye Rim Chung, Se Min Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Ji Hyun Kim, Sun Hee Lee, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(2):227-233.   Published online February 15, 2009
Purpose : Growth hormone (GH) replacement after retesting is necessary because impairment of body composition and cardiovascular health has been more severe in adult patients with persistent GH deficiency (GHD) from childhood to adulthood. This study aimed to investigate the factors for persistent GHD and define a highly probable group of persistent GHD in young adults with childhood-onset GHD. Methods :...
Case Report
Hyperthyroidism Caused by a Mutation in the Thyrotropin Receptor Gene in Two Brothers
Jae Hyun Kim, Sung Soo Lee, Jung Sub Lim, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(3):337-341.   Published online March 15, 2005
Thyrotropin receptor(TSHR) mutations must be considered when congenital hyperthyroidism has persisted, but there has been no evidence for autoimmunity. TSHR mutations leading to constitutive activation of the thyroid gland were identified as the molecular cause of autosomal dominant nonautoimmune hyperthyroidism and sporadic congenital hyperthyroidism. We report two cases of hyperthyroidism caused by germline TSHR mutation who presented with exessive sweating...
Original Article
Factors Affecting Final Adult Height in Patients with Turner Syndrome
Jae Hyun Kim, Sung Soo Lee, Su Young Hong, Hye Rim Chung, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(2):191-196.   Published online February 15, 2005
Purpose : Short stature is one of the characteristic features of Turner syndrome. We investigated the factors affecting final adult height(FAH) in patients with Turner syndrome. Methods : The study group was comprised of 60 patients who were diagnosed with Turner syndrome by chromosomal study and clinical phenotypes and attained FAH. Data were obtained from retrospective review of the medical records....
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