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Original Article
Hematology
Changes and correlations of T-cell coinhibitory molecule programmed death-1 and interferon-γ in pediatric immune thrombocytopenia
Fady Mohamed El-Gendy, Amira M.F. Shehata, Esam Awad Abd El-Kawy, Mahmoud Ahmed El-Hawy
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):127-133.   Published online February 24, 2023
Question: What are the PD-1+ CD4+ T cells percentages and serum interferon gamma (IFN-γ) levels of pediatric patients with immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?
Finding: Compared with healthy controls, the PD-1+ CD4+ T cells percentages and IFN-γ levels were significantly higher in ITP patients before and 1 month after therapy.
Meaning: Our findings suggest that PD-1+ CD4+ T cells and IFN-γ are involved in the pathophysiological process of ITP.
Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Pathophysiology, classification, and complications of common asymptomatic thrombocytosis in newborn infants
Ga Won Jeon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):182-187.   Published online October 18, 2021
· Thrombocytosis, common in newborns and infants (<2 years) (3%–13%), is caused by elevated thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations.
· Serum TPO levels are significantly higher immediately to 1 month postnatal and decrease with age.
· Platelet counts are positively correlated with gestational age at birth and postnatal age.
· Thrombocytosis is more common in preterm than in term infants.
· Thrombocytosis in newborns is reactive and resolves spontaneously without complications.
Hematology
Genetic classification and confirmation of inherited platelet disorders: current status in Korea
Ye Jee Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(3):79-87.   Published online February 6, 2020
Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs), which manifest as primary hemostasis defects, often underlie abnormal bleeding and a family history of thrombocytopenia, bone marrow failure, hematologic malignancies, undefined mucocutaneous bleeding disorder, or congenital bony defects. Wide heterogeneity in IPD types with regard to the presence or absence of thrombocytopenia, platelet dysfunction, bone marrow failure, and dysmegakaryopoiesis is observed in patients. The individual...
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Transfusion practice in neonates
Do-Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(9):265-270.   Published online September 6, 2018
Neonates, especially extremely low birth weight infants, are among the groups of patients undergoing transfusion frequently. Since they are exposed to higher specific transfusion risks compared to the patients of other age groups, there are many special aspects that must be considered for transfusion therapy in neonates. The transfusion risks in neonates include adverse outcomes specific for preterm infants as...
Original Article
Changes in platelet counts caused by valproate in children with epilepsy
Ju Hee We, Young Mi Kim, Sang Ook Nam
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):75-80.   Published online January 15, 2009
Purpose : In adults, valproate (VPA) has been reported to be associated with thrombocytopenia. However, few studies have investigated this association in children, and the factors affecting platelet counts remain controversial. This study was undertaken to investigate changes in platelet counts following VPA therapy and related factors in children with epilepsy. Methods : Our subjects comprised 75 epileptic children who...
Platelet count and mean platelet volume in low birth weight infants (≤2,000 g) with sepsis
Wan-soo Lee, Jin-young Cho, Seung-taek Yoo, Chang-woo Lee, Doo-young Choi, Jong-duck Kim, Yeon-kyun Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):643-648.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : Sepsis is a common complication in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), seen especially in low birth weight (LBW) infants. A recent study showed that fungal or gram-negative sepsis is associated with a greater degree of thrombocytopenia than is seen with gram-positive sepsis. So, this study was undertaken to examine the platelet counts and platelet indices in LBW infants...
Review Article
Giant platelet syndrome
Hoon Kook
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):833-838.   Published online August 15, 2006
Giant platelet syndrome is a group of unique disorders characterized by the presence of abnormally large platelets, and usually accompanied by thrombocytopenia. Most cases of giant platelets are encountered in idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP). In contrast, inherited giant platelet disorders, a group of heterogeneous diseases, are rare. Bernard-Soulier syndrome and its variants, and MYH9 related diseases have been defined at the...
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP)
Hee Young Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):830-832.   Published online August 15, 2006
Immune thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP) is an autoimmune disease characterized by increased peripheral platelet destruction due to antibody to platelet, which results in thrombocytopenia and cutaneous or mucosal bleeding. Bleeding generally occurs when platelet counts fall to less than 20,000/µL. Children affected with ITP are usually healthy prior to the onset of the disease and typically present suddenly after a viral infection...
Original Article
Platelet count change by vincristine in maintenance phase of acute lymphoblastic leukemia chemotherapy
Sung Moon Lee, Soon Shik Ham, In-sang Jeon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(2):181-186.   Published online February 15, 2006
Purpose : The hematologic change during the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) is critical as a prognostic determinant and a variable to determine the dose of chemotherapeutic agents. It is known that the dose of vincristine used in the maintenance phase of ALL is small enough to increase the count of platelet. To investigate the change of platelet count according...
Frequency of Platelet Transfusions and Outcome in Neonates with Thrombocytopenia
Suk-Hwan Lim, Jin-Hwa Kook, Chang-Yee Cho, Young-Youn Choi, Tai-Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(8):961-966.   Published online August 15, 2002
Purpose : We compared the underlying or associated diseases according to the frequency of platelet transfusions in neonates with thrombocytopenia to know the factors predicting which patients will require multiple platelet transfusions. We also compared mortality. Methods : A retrospective study was performed in 72 neonates who received the platelet transfusions in neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) between August 1996 and July...
Changes in Mean Platelet Volume and Platelet Distribution Width after Therapy in Childhood Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura
Jong Tai Kim, Kyung Won Lee, Soon Nam Kim, Moon Kyu Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(4):505-511.   Published online April 15, 2002
Purpose : Mean platelet volume(MPV) and platelet distribution width(PDW) are useful parameters in evaluating disorders of platelets. In cases with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura(ITP), they change as platelet count increases. In this study, we compared the values of MPV and PDW in ITP patients at diagnosis with those of normal children. We also studied whether the early changes in MPV may...
Case Report
A Case of Neonatal Alloimmune Thrombocytopenia Related to HLA Antibody
Mi Seon Lee, Hyeon-Soo Lee, Hyun Ok Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(12):1454-1458.   Published online December 15, 2001
Neonatal alloimmune thrombocytopenia(NAIT) is a very rare disease caused by maternal alloantibodies` response to neonatal platelet antigens. Because the most common cause of NAIT is incompatibility for platelet-specific antigens, NAIT cases due to anti-HLA antibodies are very exceptional. The patient was a second born female. She had no petechia or purpura at birth. But her platelet count was 55,000/mm3 and...
Original Article
Effect of Low-Dose Aspirin Therapy on Platelet Aggregation in Kawasaki Disease
Ju Yeon Yeo, Heon Eui Le, Young Mi Hong, Ki Sook Hong, Wha Soon Chung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1999;42(4):510-518.   Published online April 15, 1999
Purpose : Aspirin(acetylsalicylic acid) has been used to treat unstable angina and acute myocardial infarction in adults and Kawasaki disease in children. The antithrombotic effect of aspirin was attributed to its ability to inhibit platelet aggregation by inhibiting platelet cyclooxygenase, which leads to decreased thromboxane synthesis. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect on the platelet aggregation...
Diagnostic Value of Reticulated Platelet in Thrombocytopenia
Song Hee Park, Hwang Min Kim, Baek Keun Lim, Young Hak Shim, Chang Hoon Lee, Myung Seo Kang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(6):850-856.   Published online June 15, 1997
Purpose : We performed this study to determine the diagnostic significance and useful cut-off value of reticulated platelet, which can be used for discriminating the destructive thrombocytopenia from underproductive thrombocytopenia. Methods : We evaluated 37 patients with thrombocytopenia who were admitted to the Wonju christian hospital from March to July, 1995. All patients were evaluated with bone marrow megakaryocyte count. We divided them into two...
Study on Platelet Countsand Indices in Neonates
Kyoung Hee Choi, Sung Soo Rim, Byung Min Moon, Ki Bok Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(3):338-345.   Published online March 15, 1996
Purpose : The platelet number alone does not give a complete picture of platelet maturity and function, therefore, the platelet indices have been the subject of intensive study in recent years, but they have not been firmly established in the neonates. Methods : Blood samples collected in K2 EDTA bottle from femoral vein of 176 neonates (54 healthy fullterm, 96...
Case Report
A Case of Epstein's Syndrome
Seon Young Choi, Hyun Chul Chae, Hae Young Cho, Hong Bae Kim, Ji Sub Oh
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(11):1610-1614.   Published online November 15, 1994
Epstein's syndrome is a rare disease whish is characterized by the association of thrombocytopenia, macrothrombocytopathia, nephritis and deafness. We experienced a case of Epstein's syndrome in a 12 years old male patient who was presented with a life long history of bleeding, usually as epistaxis, bilateral sensorineural deafness and hematuria with proteinuria starting in the childhood. Hematologic studies showed thrombocytopenia with...
Original Article
The normal values of platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in the normal newborn, small for gestational age and premature neonates.
Eun Kyung Oh, Hae Yong Lee, Hwang Min Kim, Jae Seung Yang, Baek Keun Lim, Jong Soo Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(3):340-347.   Published online March 31, 1991
The importance of establishing authentic normal platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in the newborn has been emphasized, but they have not been firmly established. We have presented values for platelet count, mean platelet volume and platelet distribution width in the venous blood of term, small for gestational age and premature neonates at postnatal day 1 and 7. The results were...
A case of thrombasthenia.
Yong Bae Suh, Eun Kyoung Sohn, Yong Mook Choi, Chang Il Ahn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1991;34(2):287-291.   Published online February 28, 1991
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia is a congenital disorder of platelet function with missing or abnormal platelet plasma membrane glycoprotein Ilb/IIIa which function as receptors for fibrinogen and other high-molecular-weight adhesive proteins which are important for platelet aggregation. We have experienced a case of thrombasthenia in a 12 month old male whose chief complaints were easy bruising and frequent epistaxis. The beeding time was prolonged in the...
Two cases of Glanzmann's thrombasthenia in brother.
Won Mo Yang, Hyung Kook Ham, Mee Kyung Namgoong, Baek Keun Lim, Hong Sup Yoon, Kab Joon Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1989;32(11):1574-1580.   Published online November 30, 1989
Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia is rare congenital bleeding disorder of autosomal recessive trait. We experienced two cases of Glanzmann’s thrombasthenia in brother. The mother and elder brother had no history of bleeding tendency. But 10 year-old and 7 year-old younger brothers had frequent epistaxis, gum bleeding and easy bruisability. On platelet aggregation test, mother and elder brother appeared normal responses, but the younger brothers appeared no responses...
The Role of Anitiplatelet Antibody and the Therapeutic Effect of High-Dose I.V. gamma-globulin in Childhood Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura.
Kyu Chul Choi, Sang Ho Park, Yong Mook Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1988;31(2):212-219.   Published online February 28, 1988
Among 48 children with I.T.P (26 acute, 10 chronic and 12 undetermined), the antiplatelet antibody test (APA) was qualitatively studied by indirect immunofluorescent method in 34 patients of which only 25 patients (18 acute and 7 chronic) were able to follow-up. The overall positivity of APA was 36% and there was no relationship with disease chronicity. Intravenous r-globulin was given at a dose of...
A Case of Glanzmann's Thromboasthenia.
Hee Kyung Park, Kyung Hee Kim, Sang Man Shin, Sang Jhoo Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1987;30(2):223-228.   Published online February 28, 1987
Glanzmann’s Thromboasthenia is a rare autosomal recessive hemorrhagic disorder characterized by chronic nonthrombocytopenic purpura, a prolonged bleeding time, and deficient or absent clot retraction. The major underlying abnormality is defective first phase aggregation of platelets, which are unresponsive to ADP in any concentration. The authors experienced one case of Glanzmann’s Thromboasthenia in a 8 year 10 month old female, who had frequent epistaxis and gingival...
A Case of Glanzmann's Thrombathenia.
Saeng Gu Cho, Won Ho Kang, Young Youn Choi, Tai Ju Hwang, Dong Wook Ryang, Joo Young Yoo
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1986;29(6):668-673.   Published online June 30, 1986
The authors experienced a 6-year-old female patient with Glanzmann’s Thrombathenia and cerebral palsy. She was admitted with epistaxis, gingival bleeding and easy bruisability. Platelets of patients showed complete absence of aggreration in response to ADP, collagen, and epinephrine but only first aggregation to ristocetin. After platelet aggregation test, bone marrow aspiration, and electron micrographic examination, she was proved as...
Case Report
Three Cases of Glanzmann's Thrombasthenia.
Sung In Baek, Myung Chul Hyun, Haeng Mi Kim, Kun Soo Lee, Doo Hong Ahn, Hyo Jin Chun, Jay Sik Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1985;28(11):1153-1157.   Published online November 30, 1985
We experienced 3 cases of Glanzmann' s thrombasthenia of 2 year-old boy, 4 year-old boy, and 5 year-old girlt who represented with frequent epistaxis and petechia. The later two of them are brother and sister.Laboratory findings were characterized by normal platelet counts, markedly diminished clot retraction, prolonged bleeding time, positive Rumpel-Leede test, abnormal platelet adhesion to glass, and complete failure...
Original Article
Effect of Phototherapy on Platelet Count in premature Infant.
Heung Kyu Kim, Young Kyoung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1983;26(1):34-40.   Published online January 31, 1983
The effect of phototherapy on platelet counts performed on thirty premature infants weighing less than 2,300 grams and thirty fullterm infants with hyperbilirubmemia. Platelet counts were also performed on twenty nine healthy premature infants weighing less than 2,300 grams and thirty full-term infants as oontrol group. The following results were observed: 1) There was no significant difference in platelet counts during phototherapy on premature...
A study in The Changes of Platelet Count in iron Deficiency Anemia among Children.
Nam Ae Kim, Kir Young Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1982;25(10):1015-1021.   Published online October 31, 1982
Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the most common nutritional anemia among chidren. A study on the changes of platelet count in IDA was conducted with 83 children who were diagnosed at the Severance Hospital in a 5 J/2-year pericd from Jan. 1975 to Jun. 1981. The results are summarized as follows. 1. IDA was most common among chidren younger than 2-years(61%) due to nutritional deficiency. It...
Platelet Counts in Healthy Premature Infants.
Heung Kyu Kim, You Nam Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1981;24(9):805-811.   Published online September 15, 1981
Serial platelet counts performed at four day intervals on forty two healthy premature infants whose birth weights were less than 2200 grams. The forty two infants were divided into two groups: twelve premature infants weighing less than 1700 grams, and thirty prematures infants weighing over 1700 grams at birth. We evaluated the length of time for the platetet counts of...
Case Report
A case of Thrombasthenia.
Sung Sook Cho, Kye Tai Kim, Don Hee Ahn, Keun Chan Sohn
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1981;24(1):88-93.   Published online January 15, 1981
A 6 year 6month-old boy was admitted with complains of severe spontaneou epistaxis and easy brusability. He was one of five siblings, and two of them died of recurred severe epistaxis at their age of six years. There was no history of bleeding tendency to his antecedents and parents, whose marriage was unrelated. Platelet count and partial thromboplastin time were...
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