Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Review Article

Allergy

Recent topics on gastrointestinal allergic disorders (1,072 times)

Yoshiyuki Yamada

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):240-249. Published online January 9, 2023

Gastrointestinal (GI) allergies are divided into immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated, non-IgE-mediated, and mixed types. In addition to non-IgE-mediated, overlapping eosinophilic GI disorders (EGIDs) have increased in Japan. EGIDs, a mixed-type allergy category, include eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE) and non-EoE EGIDs. The number of EoE cases has increased in Western countries, followed by Asian countries. Recent GI allergies may also be associated with type 2 inflammation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01053

Letter to the Editor

General Pediatrics

Vitamin B₁₂ deficiency in anemic children before versus after age 2 years: a form of hidden hunger in India (1,067 times)

Sahil Goel, Ruchika Bhatnagar, Anita Kumari, Brig Prem Lochan Prasad, Lahar Sahai

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):116-118. Published online January 24, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01347

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Probiotics added to maternal nutrition affect ınfantile colic symptoms and fecal microbiota profile: a single-blind randomized controlled study (1,037 times)

Aysu Yıldız Karaahmet, Gülümser Dolgun, Metehan Özen

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):547-554. Published online September 23, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: Do probiotics added to maternal nutrition affect infantile colic symptoms and intestinal microbiota?
Finding: Infants whose mothers ingested probiotics demonstrated decreased crying frequency and intensity and significantly increased bacterial diversity in the stools. The bacterial variety was substantially affected by the added probiotic product.
Meaning: The addition of probiotics to maternal nutrition in early infancy could play an important role in preventing infantile colic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00766

Neurology

Long-term neurological cognitive, behavioral, functional, and quality of life outcomes after fetal myelomeningocele closure: a systematic review (1,025 times)

Andre Marolop Pangihutan Siahaan, Martin Susanto, Sarma Nursani Lumbanraja, Dwi Herawati Ritonga

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):38-45. Published online November 30, 2022

Web of Science 3 Crossref 2

· Fetal myelomeningocele closure significantly improved long-term neurological cognitive, behavioral, functional, and quality of life outcomes, most likely by reducing hydrocephalus rates.
· However, fetal myelomeningocele closure is associated with a significant risk of pregnancy complications, especially premature rupture of membranes and preterm delivery.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01102

Review Article

Endocrinology

Applications of genomic research in pediatric endocrine diseases (1,023 times)

Ja Hye Kim, Jin-Ho Choi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(12):520-530. Published online June 14, 2023

· Recent advances in molecular genetics have improved our understanding of pediatric endocrine disorders and are now used in mainstream medical practice.
· Genome-wide association studies can increase our understanding of the biological mechanisms of disease and inform new therapeutic options.
· The identification of founder mutations leads to the efficient localization of the genes underlying Mendelian disorders.
· Next-generation sequencing technologies benefit clinical practice and research of pediatric endocrinology.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00948

Original Article

Gastroenterology

Assessing indicators and clinical differences between functional and organic childhood constipation: a retrospective study in pediatric gastroenterology clinics (1,021 times)

Hasan M. Isa, Fatema A. Alkharsi, Fatema A. Salman, Maryam S. Ali, Zahra K. Abdulnabibi, Afaf M. Mohamed

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):296-306. Published online June 14, 2023

Question: What causes childhood constipation, and what can predict organic constipation?
Finding: Constipation represents 14.7% of gastroenterology visits. Functional constipation is more common among constipation types, while organic constipation is more common in young children and those with a low body weight, stunted growth, mucus in the stool, and associated diseases.
Meaning: Younger children and those with lower growth or mucus in the stool should be assessed for underlying organic causes of constipation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01298

Review Article

Gastroenterology

High-resolution esophageal manometry in children (988 times)

Yogesh Waikar

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):155-160. Published online October 17, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

High-resolution esophageal manometry can be safely performed in children where recurrent vomiting and persistent dysphagia is the working diagnosis after excluding nonluminal and structural obstructive pathologies using pediatric upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Normal manometry values are available. Clinical picture, biochemical tests, radiological interpretation, and endoscopic findings with manometry completes the analysis of patients with recurrent vomiting and dysphagia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00787

Editorial

Nutrition

Human milk oligosaccharides as immunonutrition key in early life (976 times)

Jung Ok Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(7):344-345. Published online May 3, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· Human milk is a major source of immunonutrients for neonates and infants. Human milk oligosaccharides (HMOs) act as prebiotics and promote the growth of commensal bacteria.
· HMOs inhibit microorganism adhesion to the gut mucosa through interactions with the commensal microbiome and improve gut barrier function by increasing short-chain fatty acid mediated by bifidobacteria and immunomodulation.
· Several randomized controlled trials recently reported on HMOs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00990

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Association between maternal coronavirus disease 2019 and transient tachypnea of the newborn: a single-center study (969 times)

Sung Hee Lee, Ju Hyun Jin, Jong Ha Yoo, Shin Won Yoon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):493-500. Published online October 24, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: What are the adverse clinical outcomes of neonates of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)–infected mothers?
Finding: Infants of mothers with COVID-19 were at significantly increased risk of transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), use of noninvasive ventilation, and need for supplemental oxygen (P<0.05).
Meaning: Neonates of mothers with COVID-19 are at risk of TTN and require respiratory support. Close monitoring is essential to ensuring timely intervention if required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00563

Review Article

General Pediatrics

Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST): development, applications, and implications for future early childhood development interventions (954 times)

Dooyoung Kim, Young June Choe, Bilal Aurang Zeb Durrani, EunYoung Kim, Junghye Byeon, Baik-Lin Eun

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):288-293. Published online December 22, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· This review discusses the development and application of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for Infants and Children (K-DST) for ensuring early childhood development.
· Various studies have demonstrated the integral role of the K-DST in facilitating the detection of developmental delays and delivery of timely interventions.
· The tailoring of the K-DST to Korean infants and children suggests that other countries may further translate and adapt it.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00906

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Is there a link between social media usage and functional gastrointestinal disorders in children? (946 times)

Hae Jeong Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(4):169-170. Published online March 23, 2023

Social media use has potential benefits and risks, including links to adverse health problems in children such as functional gastrointestinal disorders (FGIDs). Screen time control, emotional support, and parental guidance can help children navigate social media safely and reduce the risk of developing FGIDs.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00143

Review Article

Gastroenterology

Role of social media use in onset of functional gastrointestinal disorders in children (941 times)

Mauro Cinquetti, Vanessa Dargenio, Michele Fingerle, Carolina Marchiotto, Marco Biasin, Massimo Pettoello Mantovani, Flavia Indrio

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):226-232. Published online December 21, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Social media use can cause adverse health outcomes, including gastrointestinal disorders, in children and adolescents.
· Recent findings have shown a high prevalence of social media use and decreased well-being in patients with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
· The biopsychosocial nature of functional gastrointestinal disorders and the clear influence of social media on the psychosocial lives of children suggests the likely involvement of social media in their development.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00843

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Attention-deficit/hyperactive-impulsive disorder symptoms among grade 1 students with reading disorder in Thailand (922 times)

Patcharapun Sarisuta, Issarapa Chunsuwan, Tippawan Hansakunachai, Paskorn Sritipsukho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):485-492. Published online October 24, 2023

Question: Would students with reading disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of attention-deficit/hyperactiveimpulsive disorder (ADHD) symptoms than neurotypical students?
Finding: Students at risk of reading disorder exhibited significant ADHD symptoms compared with those not at risk of reading disorder according to all presentations of teacher assessments versus only for predominantly inattentive presentations of the parental assessments.
Meaning: Students with reading disorder have a significantly higher prevalence of ADHD symptoms than neurotypical students. Sex, parental education level, average family income, and children’s school affiliation significantly influenced reading disorder prevalence.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00773

Review Article

Nutrition

Total energy expenditure measured by doubly labeled water method in children and adolescents: a systematic review (904 times)

Nahyun Kim, Jonghoon Park

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):54-65. Published online October 17, 2022

This systematic review summarizes convincing evidence that total energy expenditure (TEE) measured using the doubly labeled water technique increased with age from 1 to 18 years, while fat-free mass (FFM) increased with growth. TEE and in normal-weight participants, while physical activity level did not differ from that of normal-weight participants.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00472

Original Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Effect of vitamin E supplementation on bilirubin levels in infants with hyperbilirubinemia: a double-blind randomized clinical trial (886 times)

Mojtaba Cheraghi, Maziar Nikouei, Majid Mansouri, Siros Hemmatpour, Yousef Moradi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(5):249-256. Published online March 26, 2024

Question: Is vitamin E a viable therapeutic option for managing neonatal hyperbilirubinemia?
Finding: This randomized clinical trial examined the effects of oral vitamin E supplementation on bilirubin reduction (primary outcome), phototherapy duration, and length of hospital stay (secondary outcome) in 138 infants.
Meaning: Infants administered vitamin E versus placebo demonstrated similar reductions in bilirubin levels and length of hospital stay.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01312

Editorial

Gastroenterology

Recent advances in epigenetic mechanisms, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric gastrointestinal allergic disorders (878 times)

Eell Ryoo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(6):250-251. Published online May 19, 2023

· Epigenetic mechanisms are involved in rapidly increasing food allergy.
· There is still no definitive way to diagnose food allergy.
· Early introduction of peanuts, eggs, and cow’s milk reduces food allergy incidence.
· Administration of probiotics such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG, Bifidobacterium bifidum can partially reduce the occurrence of allergic symptoms.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00136

Review Article

Neurology

Electroencephalography source localization (867 times)

Tae-Hoon Eom

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):201-209. Published online December 29, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 3

· Electroencephalography (EEG) directly images the electrical activity of neurons at a higher temporal resolution than other neuroimaging techniques.
· EEG is still widely used in brain function research due to its advantages.
· Forward and inverse problems of EEG analyses require solutions.
· Methods such as the dipole and distributed source models have been introduced.
· Applications of EEG are expanding with the integration of other technologies and large-scale data.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00962

Original Article

Neurology

Need for palliative care from birth to infancy in pediatric patients with neurological diseases (864 times)

Raffaele Falsaperla, Silvia Marino, Carla Moscheo, Lucia Giovanna Tardino, Simona Domenica Marino, Concetta Sciuto, Piero Pavone, Giovanna Vitaliti, Federica Sullo, Martino Ruggieri

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(8):350-356. Published online June 14, 2023

Question: What are the current palliative care protocols, palliative course, and implementable palliative care programs for hospitalized pediatric patients with neurological diseases in Italy?
Finding: We studied 34 newborns with nervous system diseases, all of whom had a poor prognosis.
Meaning: Despite current legislation in Italy, no palliative care network has been implemented. Given the vast number of patients with neurological conditions, standardized palliative care guidelines and protocols are required.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00129

Infection

Role of lung ultrasound patterns in monitoring coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome in children (862 times)

Satyabrata Roychowdhoury, Subhajit Bhakta, Manas Kumar Mahapatra, Saptarshi Ghosh, Sayantika Saha, Mithun Chandra Konar, Mihir Sarkar, Mousumi Nandi

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(7):358-366. Published online May 13, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: Potential role of patterns of lung ultrasonography (US) in monitoring changes in mechanically ventilated patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pneumonia.
Finding: Interstitial syndrome, an irregular pleural line, and peripheral microconsolidation were the most prevalent findings. Changes in lung aeration after mechanical ventilation corelated with improved oxygenation. A fall in lung ultrasound reaeration score ≤ 5 may predict successful weaning.
Meaning: Lung US is gaining wider utility for monitoring COVID-19 pneumonia.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01655

Review Article

Immunology

Systemic autoinflammatory disorders (861 times)

Dae Chul Jeong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):432-438. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Systemic autoinflammatory disorders (SAID) are disorders caused by dysregulation of the innate immunity with genetic background, leading to recurrent episodes of systemic inflammation.
· SAID is characterized by recurrent acute inflammatory responses including fever or skin manifestations, unrelated with infection or malignancy.
· Diagnosis is based on family and long-term history with detailed clinical and laboratory manifestations during febrile periods.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01186

Allergy

Trends of vitamin D in asthma in the pediatric population for two decades: a systematic review (860 times)

Myongsoon Sung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(8):339-347. Published online June 14, 2023

· Vitamin D may affect asthma via multiple mechanisms, including lung and optimal immune system functions.
· Many clinical trials have demonstrated the beneficial effects of vitamin D on asthma onset and aggravation. However, definitive clinical trials are lacking, and reports have detailed contradictory effects of vitamin D in children with asthma.
· Some exciting reports stated that obesity and vitamin D deficiency are associated with increased asthma symptoms in the pediatric population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01109

Letter to the Editor

Critical Care Medicine

Role of serum bilirubin-to-albumin ratio as a prognostic index in critically ill children (852 times)

You Min Kang, Ga Eun Kim, Mireu Park, Jong Deok Kim, Min Jung Kim, Yoon Hee Kim, Kyung Won Kim, Myung Hyun Son, Soo Yeon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):85-87. Published online December 5, 2022

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01207

Review Article

Nutrition

Protein substitutions as new-generation pharmanutrition approach to managing phenylketonuria (840 times)

Fatma Nur Keskin, Teslime Özge Şahin, Raffaele Capasso, Duygu Ağagündüz

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(8):320-331. Published online November 1, 2022

Phenylketonuria, an autosomal recessive disease that results from the inability to metabolize phenylalanine, is currently treated with medical nutrition therapy. New treatment approaches such as tetrahydrobiopterin, glycomacropeptide, large neutral amino acids, pegvaliase, and gene therapy significantly impact disease management and dietary enrichment. This article also reviews animal and human studies that have evaluated the efficacy and safety of these new protein substitutes.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00584

General Pediatrics

A new perspective on cholesterol in pediatric health: association of vitamin D metabolism, respiratory diseases, and mental health problems (838 times)

Jeana Hong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(2):65-72. Published online December 9, 2021

Web of Science 3 Crossref 1

∙ Pediatric dyslipidemia is associated with several health problems besides cardiovascular diseases.
∙ There is a direct association between pediatric dyslipidemia and low serum vitamin D levels, asthma, and mental health problems regardless of body mass index.
∙ More large-scale nationally representative studies are needed to establish the appropriate cutoff points for the definition of dyslipidemia that is a prerequisite for further epidemiological studies in the Korean pediatric population.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.00934

Original Article

Infection

Clinical characteristics of pediatric patients infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus common human coronaviruses: a national multicenter study (826 times)

In Suk Sol, Eun Lee, Hyeon-Jong Yang, Yong Ju Lee, Hye Yung Yum, Mi-Hee Lee, Mi Ae Chu, Hui Jeong Moon, Hyo-Bin Kim, Ju Hee Seo, Jung Yeon Shim, Ji Young Ahn, Yoon Young Jang, Hai Lee Chung, Eun Hee Chung, Kyunghoon Kim, Bong-Seong Kim, Cheol Hong Kim, Yang Park, Meeyong Shin, Kyung Suk Lee, Man Yong Han, Soo-Jong Hong, Eun Kyeong Kang, Chang Keun Kim; on behalf of The Pneumonia & Respiratory Disease Study Group of Korean Academy of Pediatric Allergy and Respiratory Disease

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(3):134-141. Published online December 22, 2022

Question: The clinical differences between severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) and human coronaviruses (HCoV) in children remain unknown.
Finding: This study compared the clinical findings of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 versus HCoV. Its findings suggest that children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 have a milder clinical course than those with HCoV.
Meaning: The clinical course of children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 should be closely monitored during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00703

Clinical note

General Pediatrics

Diabetic ketoacidosis in children induced by coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) diabetic ketoacidosis post-COVID-19 in children (814 times)

Neha Thakur, Narendra Rai

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):209-210. Published online November 30, 2021

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00941

Original Article

Neurobehavior

Association between previous abortion history and risk of autism spectrum disorders among offspring: a meta-analysis (814 times)

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Erfan Ayubi, Saeid Bashirian, Mahdieh Seyedi, Mohammad Rezaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):70-75. Published online August 17, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between previous abortion history and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) among children.
Finding: We found that the risk of ASD associated with previous abortion history had an odds ratio of 1.64 (95% confidence interval, 1.28–2.0; I²=61.7%).
Meaning: These findings suggest a positive and significant association between history of previous abortion and risk of ASD in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00108

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Influence of infant microbiome on health and development (811 times)

Noelle Younge

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(5):224-231. Published online August 21, 2023

· The infant gut microbiome is highly dynamic and individualized.
· Microbes are vertically transmitted from mother to infant during delivery and throughout infancy.
· Delivery mode, gestational age, diet, and antibiotic use influence infant microbiome composition and function.
· In animal studies, the microbiome played critical roles in the structural and functional development of the infant gastrointestinal and immune systems.
· Microbiome-targeted therapies have great potential to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00598

Original Article

Oncology

Treatment outcomes of high-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell rescue in high-risk neuroblastoma patients in Thailand (801 times)

Kunanya Suwannaying, Piti Techavichit, Patcharee Komvilaisak, Napat Laoaroon, Nattee Narkbunnam, Kleebsabai Sanpakit, Kanhatai Chiengthong, Thirachit Chotsampancharoen, Lalita Sathitsamitphong, Chalongpon Santong, Panya Seksarn, Suradej Hongeng, Surapon Wiangnon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):453-458. Published online May 24, 2022

Question: This study aimed to elucidate the outcomes of high-risk neuroblastoma (HR-NB) patients treated with high-dose chemotherapy and stem cell rescue without immunotherapy.
Finding: The 5-year overall survival and event-free survival rates were 45.1% and 40.4%, respectively.
Meaning: High-dose chemotherapy plus stem cell rescue followed by cis-retinoic acid for 12 months is well tolerated and could improve survival in patients with HR-NB in limited resource settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00437

Editorial

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Exploring the role of laryngeal masks in neonatal resuscitation (797 times)

Euiseok Jung

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(5):247-248. Published online December 28, 2023

· Laryngeal masks (LMs) offer stable airway access and skill retention advantages, making them promising alternatives to positive-pressure ventilation in neonatal care.
· The ease of teaching LM insertion techniques to less experienced providers addresses the need for swift intervention and skill retention.
· Careful consideration of the benefits and challenges of LMs is essential in determining their effective integration into enhanced neonatal resuscitation protocols.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01200

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