Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics

Original Article

Other

Virtual, augmented, and mixed reality: potential clinical and training applications in pediatrics (1,360 times)

Suyoung Yoo, Meong Hi Son

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(2):92-103. Published online May 24, 2023

· Review of articles that investigated the applications of virtual, augmented, or mixed reality in pediatric clinical settings and in the training of pediatric medical professionals was conducted.
· A total of 89 studies were retrieved, with 36 randomized controlled trials.
· In most studies, intervention using the novel technology was at least as effective or more effective than the traditional method.
· Use of virtual, augmented, and mixed reality has potential in pediatrics.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00731

Review Article

Other

MicroRNAs as novel biomarkers for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric diseases (1,354 times)

Hwal Rim Jeong, Il Tae Hwang

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):119-125. Published online May 24, 2023

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate gene expression post transcriptionally, and MiRNA expression levels vary with developmental stages. MiRNAs play an important role in several biological processes in children, including growth, neuro-development, inflammation, and tumor formation. Research on miRNAs may uncover the molecular mechanisms underlying various pediatric diseases, leading to the development of novel biomarkers that aid in the diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of these diseases.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00171

Clinical Note

Rheumatology

Haploinsufficiency A20 misdiagnosed as PFAPA (periodic fever, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, and cervical adenitis) syndrome with Kikuchi disease (1,353 times)

Kyo Jin Jo, Su Eun Park, Chong Kun Cheon, Seung Hwan Oh, Seong Heon Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(2):82-84. Published online June 22, 2022

Crossref 3

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00500

Review Article

Cardiology

Arrhythmia and COVID-19 in children (1,335 times)

Mi Kyoung Song, Bryan Kwon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(5):190-200. Published online April 18, 2023

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· Pediatric patients have a relatively low incidence of tachyarrhythmia both in acute coronavirus disease 2019 and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), but it was associated with an increased risk of poor outcomes.
· Conduction abnormalities were not uncommon, especially in those with MIS-C. Most patients recovered to normal sinus rhythm; however, some progressed to advanced atrioventricular block and rarely required permanent pacemaker implantation.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00024

Original Article

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Impact of short and intensive art-based intervention on symptomatology and social interactions among children with autism spectrum disorder (1,331 times)

Deldar Morad Abdulah, Bayar Mohammed Omar Abdulla, Pranee Liamputtong

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):447-454. Published online September 14, 2023

Question: Does a short and intensive art-based intervention affect symptoms and social interactions among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)?
Finding: The short and intensive art-based intervention did not affect symptoms in children with ASD level 2 or 3, including social awareness, social cognition, social communication, social motivation, and autistic mannerisms.
Meaning: The short and intensive art-based intervention did not improve the symptoms of patients with ASD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00640

Editorial

Endocrinology

Clinical and diagnostic importance of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic (1,312 times)

Eun Young Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(3):129-130. Published online January 14, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

∙ Because childhood lipid concentrations continue into adulthood, early evaluation and treatment are needed, but dyslipidemia awareness is low.
∙ For the prevention and treatment of dyslipidemia in childhood and adolescence, a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease in adulthood, lifestyle modifications, appropriate exercise, and drug treatment are required.
∙ A large-scale study of the prevalence and therapeutic effects of dyslipidemia in children and adolescents in Korea is needed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01851

Review Article

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Pathophysiology, classification, and complications of common asymptomatic thrombocytosis in newborn infants (1,305 times)

Ga Won Jeon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(4):182-187. Published online October 18, 2021

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· Thrombocytosis, common in newborns and infants (<2 years) (3%–13%), is caused by elevated thrombopoietin (TPO) concentrations.
· Serum TPO levels are significantly higher immediately to 1 month postnatal and decrease with age.
· Platelet counts are positively correlated with gestational age at birth and postnatal age.
· Thrombocytosis is more common in preterm than in term infants.
· Thrombocytosis in newborns is reactive and resolves spontaneously without complications.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00864

Developmental and Behavioral Medicine

Spontaneous movements as prognostic tool of neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants: a narrative review (1,294 times)

Hyun Iee Shin, Myung Woo Park, Woo Hyung Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):458-464. Published online May 16, 2023

· Spontaneous movements can be useful to evaluate neuronal integrity in preterm infants.
· In General Movements Assessment, continuous cramped synchronized movements and absent fidgety movements can indicate high-risk infants for cerebral palsy.
· Recent advances in machine learning techniques have led to the automated prediction of cerebral palsy based on infantile spontaneous movements.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01235

Other

Knowledge-guided artificial intelligence technologies for decoding complex multiomics interactions in cells (1,264 times)

Dohoon Lee, Sun Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(5):239-249. Published online November 26, 2021

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· The need for data-driven modeling of multiomics interactions was recently highlighted.
· Many artificial intelligence-driven models have been developed, but only a few have incorporated biological domain knowledge within model architectures or training procedures.
· Here we provide a comprehensive review of deep learning models to decipher complex multiomics interactions regarding the biological guidance imposed upon them to facilitate further development of biological knowledge-guided deep learning models.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01438

Editorial

Allergy

Trends in food allergen immunotherapy in Korea after changed national regulations (1,252 times)

Tae Won Song

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):201-202. Published online November 21, 2023

National regulations, academic guidelines, and clinical trends in food allergen immunotherapies (FA-AIT) differ among countries and have changed rapidly. Current officially approved FA-AIT are oral immunotherapy (OIT) using heated milk/egg in Korea and peanut OIT using standardized products in the United States and Europe. FA-AIT should be administered by specialist physicians with experience administering oral food challenge tests and managing severe allergic reactions inside and outside research settings.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01123

Pulmonology

Community-acquired pneumonia in Korean children: time to read between the lines (1,236 times)

Dong In Suh

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):22-23. Published online November 10, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 2

· Various studies have reported the etiology of community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) in Korean children
· Factors other than etiology are equally important to a compre hensive understanding of CAP
· Knowledge from archived reports is no longer directly applicable to the current CAP and requires careful modification

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00941

Letter to the Editor

Pulmonology

Metabolic syndrome and pulmonary dysfunction in asthmatic children during the COVID-19 pandemic (1,224 times)

Jue Seong Lee, Sang Hyun Park, Yoon Lee, Seunghyun Kim, Wonsuck Yoon, Young Yoo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(3):168-170. Published online February 19, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01480

Editorial

Neurology

Increasing our understanding of rotavirus-induced central nervous system manifestations (1,210 times)

Jon Soo Kim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(11):536-537. Published online May 6, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

· Diverse clinicoradiological features of central nervous system (CNS) complications in rotavirus infection can be identified with the rapid and wide use of various brain magnetic resonance imaging protocols.
· An increased understanding of the various pathophysiological mechanisms of rotavirus-induced CNS manifestations will enable precise management in the future.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00395

Review Article

Cardiology

Research trends on causes of Kawasaki disease in the COVID-19 era: focus on viral infections (1,208 times)

Young Hwan Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):1-11. Published online June 22, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

· The etiology of Kawasaki disease (KD) is unclear, but its clinical, epidemiological, and pathophysiological characteristics are strongly associated with infectious diseases.
· In the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic era, viruses are attracting the most attention. Sudden acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection causes various hyperinflammation in children that require differentiation from KD.
· Immune responses in patients with KD may be induced by host cell damage. To effectively prevent and treat KD, the genetic background and immune responses of KD patients and triggering pathogens require identification.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00150

Editorial

Nephrology (Genitourinary)

Clinical considerations and practical issues of kidney complications in children after COVID-19 infection or vaccination (1,185 times)

Jiwon Jung, Joo Hoon Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):35-36. Published online November 17, 2023

· The proper monitoring for and treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)-induced acute kidney injury, which is common in critically ill children, are recommended.
· Glomerulopathy associated with COVID-19 or its vaccination has been reported, and the overall clinical course is similar to that of non-COVID-19-associated diseases.
· Additional COVID-19 vaccinations are recommended; however, careful and individualized decisions should be made in patients with COVID-19- or vaccination-associated glomerulopathy.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01074

Clinical Note

Neurology

Expanding association between BICD2 variants and brain malformations and associated lissencephaly (1,178 times)

Jaeso Cho, Haeryung Kim, Seoungbok Lee, Jihoon G Yoon, HyeJin Kim, Minhye Kim, Seoyun Jang, Woojoong Kim, Soo Yeon Kim, Jong Hee Chae

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(1):54-56. Published online December 21, 2023

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01095

Original Article

Cardiology

Vasovagal syncope with mild versus moderate autonomic dysfunction: a 13-year single-center experience (1,161 times)

Han Eoul Lee, Dong Won Lee

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(1):47-52. Published online June 1, 2021

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: It is well known that autonomic dysfunction contributes to vasovagal syncope (VVS). Does the degree of autonomic dysfunction contribute to clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prognosis?
Finding: The clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods, treatment, and prognosis differ between patients with mild and moderate degrees of autonomic dysfunction.
Meaning: VVS is caused by autonomic dysfunction, but autonomic dysfunction severity need not be classified.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00052

Review Article

Neurology

Gut microbiota affects brain development and behavior (1,161 times)

Gun-Ha Kim, Jung-Ok Shim

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(7):274-280. Published online November 8, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 3

· The gut microbiota can alter a host’s brain development and behavior.
· Gut bacteria communicate with the brain via the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
· Fecal microbial transplantation is a promising treatment strategy for autism spectrum disorder.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01550

Original Article

Allergy

Association between dyslipidemia and asthma in children: a systematic review and multicenter cohort study using a common data model (1,152 times)

Ji Eun Lim, Hye Min Kim, Ju Hee Kim, Hey Sung Baek, Man Yong Han

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(8):357-365. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 3 Crossref 5

Question: Is dyslipidemia a risk factor for asthma in children?
Finding: This was a comprehensive systematic review and retrospective multicenter study of the association between dyslipidemia and asthma in children. In a multicenter cohort analysis using the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership Common Data Model, elevated total cholesterol levels were associated with increased risk of asthma development.
Meaning: These findings suggest an association between dyslipidemia and asthma in children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00290

Critical Care Medicine

Timing of parenteral nutrition initiation in critically ill children: a randomized clinical trial (1,141 times)

Nagwan Y. Saleh, Hesham M. Aboelghar, Nehad B. Abdelaty, Mohamed I. Garib, Asmaa A. Mahmoud

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(9):403-411. Published online June 14, 2023

Question: What is the ideal initiation timing of parenteral nutrition for critically ill children?
Finding: This randomized clinical trial of 140 children examined the effects of an early or late start of parenteral nutrition on mechanical ventilation need (primary outcome) and length of stay and mortality (secondary outcomes).
Meaning: Children who received early versus late parenteral nutrition had lower mechanical ventilation need and duration.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00178

Pulmonology

Modified high-flow nasal cannula for children with respiratory distress (1,132 times)

Sarocha Itdhiamornkulchai, Aroonwan Preutthipan, Jarin Vaewpanich, Nattachai Anantasit

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(3):136-141. Published online May 24, 2021

Question: Can the modified high-flow nasal cannula (HFNC) provide alternative respiratory support for children with acute respiratory distress?
Finding: A total of 74 patients were assigned to the modified or commercial HFNC groups. The intubation rate, length of hospital stay, and adverse events did not differ between the 2 groups.
Meaning: The modified HFNC can provide alternative respiratory support for pediatric respiratory distress.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2020.01403

Review Article

Infection

Safety monitoring of COVID-19 vaccines: February 26, 2021, To June 4, 2022, Republic of Korea (1,132 times)

Yeon-Kyeng Lee, Yunhyung Kwon, Yesul Heo, Eun Kyoung Kim, Seung Yun Kim, Hoon Cho, Seontae Kim, Mijeong Ko, Dosang Lim, Soon-Young Seo, Enhi Cho

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(10):415-423. Published online June 13, 2023

· Enhanced safety monitoring system of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines were implemented to detect signals rapidly as part of the national COVID-19 vaccination program.
· As of June 4, 2023, reported adverse events after COVID-19 vaccination was 0.38% among 125,107,883 doses of COVID- 19 vaccines administered.
· Most reported adverse reactions after COVID-19 vaccinations have shown nonserious and mild intensity.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.00815

Original Article

General Pediatrics

Effect of 2–6 weeks of systemic steroids on bone mineral density in children (1,123 times)

Athira Kuniyil, Somdipa Pal, Namrita Sachdev, Tribhuvan Pal Yadav

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(5):254-261. Published online November 18, 2021

Web of Science 2 Crossref 2

Question: Does steroid use for 2–6 weeks in children affect bone mineral content (BMC) or density (BMD)?
Finding: Steroid use for 2–6 weeks significantly decreased BMC and BMD of the whole body, total body less the head, lumbar spine, and distal radius. A significant negative correlation was observed among BMD, duration, and cumulative dose.
Meaning: Steroid use for 2–6 weeks in children negatively affected BMC and BMD.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00045

Gastroenterology

Risk factors of prolonged diarrhea in children under 2 years old (1,115 times)

Dedy Rahmat, Agus Firmansyah, Ina S. Timan, Saptawati Bardosono, Joedo Prihartono, Pramita Gayatri

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(12):538-544. Published online November 16, 2023

Question: What are the risk factors for prolonged diarrhea in children under 2 years old?
Finding: History of antibiotic use, zinc deficiency, and elevated fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin levels were the main risk factors of prolonged diarrhea in children under 2 years old with acute diarrhea.
Meaning: Rational antibiotic usage is necessary as well as thorough testing of serum zinc level and fecal alpha-1 antitrypsin levels.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.00668

Editorial

Cardiology

Characteristics of z score systems for diagnosing coronary abnormalities in Kawasaki disease (1,114 times)

Gyeong-Hee Yoo

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(9):448-449. Published online March 14, 2022

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Because of the various body sizes of children with Kawasaki disease (KD), coronary artery diameter requires normalization to the body surface area as a z score.
In updated guidelines, coronary artery abnormalities are important criteria in the diagnosis of KD, and z score systems have been accepted to define coronary artery abnormalities.
However, the z score formula should be selected carefully because each yields different results.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01886

Letter to the Editor

Neonatology (Perinatology)

Assessment of iron status and red cell parameters in healthy term small for gestational age neonates at birth (1,114 times)

Arif Hossain, Shorna Rahman, Shahana Akter, Ismat Jahan, Sanjoy Kumer Dey, Abdul Mannan, Mohammod Shahidullah

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2024;67(4):221-223. Published online March 19, 2024

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2023.01445

Editorial

General Pediatrics

Is it time to add point-of-care ultrasound education to pediatric residency curriculum? (1,111 times)

Shin Ae Yoon

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2022;65(1):33-34. Published online October 12, 2021

Crossref 1

Growing point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) use in pediatric patients has led to the need for POCUS education for pediatric residents. Recent experimental studies have suggested that POCUS education improves self-rated POCUS confidence and comfort in pediatric resident training. Considering the effective and sustainable POCUS education curriculum in pediatric resident training, simulation-based education would be a solution.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01060

Original Article

Nutrition

Not breastfeeding and risk of autism spectrum disorders among children: a meta-analysis (1,107 times)

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Amir Mohammad Salehi, Salman Khazaei

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(1):28-31. Published online July 19, 2022

Web of Science 2 Crossref 4

This study aimed to determine whether there is an association between not breastfeeding (versus breastfeeding) and the risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children. We found that the risk of ASD associated with not breastfeeding had an odds ratio of 1.81 (95% confidence interval, 1.35–2.27; I²=0 %). These findings suggest the importance of breastfeeding in decreasing the risk of ASD among children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.01872

General Pediatrics

Virtual reality for pain reduction during intravenous injection in pediatrics: a systematic review and meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials (1,098 times)

Ensiyeh Jenabi, Saeid Bashirian, Amir Mohammad Salehi, Masoud Rafiee, Mozhdeh Bashirian

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(12):533-537. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: This is the first meta-analysis to examine published evidence of the effectiveness of virtual reality at reducing pain during pediatric intravenous injections.
Finding: Our results suggest that virtual reality effectively reduces pain associated with intravenous injections in pediatric patients.
Meaning: These findings suggest the importance of virtual reality in decreasing the pain of intravenous injections among children.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01193

Gastroenterology

Inferior vena cava to aorta ratio in dehydrated pediatric patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis (1,083 times)

Gilbert Sterling Octavius, Michelle Imanuelly, Johan Wibowo, Nadia Khoirunnisa Heryadi, Melanie Widjaja

Clin Exp Pediatr. 2023;66(11):477-484. Published online June 14, 2023

Web of Science 1 Crossref 1

Question: The inferior vena cava to aorta (IVC/Ao) ratio measured via ultrasound has been touted as a promising noninvasive technique to assess clinically significant dehydration in pediatric patients.
Finding: Our meta-analysis found that IVC/Ao ratio had a positive likelihood ratio of 3.2 (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.1–5.1) and negative likelihood ratio of 0.18 (95% CI, 0.12–0.28).
Meaning: Hence, IVC/Ao ratio is insufficient to exclude or confirm significant dehydration in pediatric patients.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2022.01445

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Cited By 13	Etiological and pathophysiological enigmas of severe coronavirus disease 2019, multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children, and Kawasaki disease

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