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Volume 47(6); Jun 2004
Clinical Lecture
New Guideline of Pediatric Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation
Yong Won Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):591-595.   Published online June 15, 2004
A primary cardiac arrest is rare in children. The usual course begins with respiratory arrest and culminates in profound bradycardia or asystole and cardiovascular collapse, so it is vitally important to quickly restore ventilation in pediatric patients(phone-fast). Children over 8 years of age follow the same sequence as adults; that is calling emergency medical services before providing rescue breathing(phone-first).
Medical Lecture Course
Recurrent Early-Life Seizures and Changes in GABAA Receptors Expression in Hippocampus
Doo Kwun Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):596-603.   Published online June 15, 2004
The immature brain differs from the adult brain in its susceptibility to seizures, seizure characteristics, and responses to antiepileptic drugs. Gamma(γ)-aminobutyric acid(GABA) is the predominant inhibitory neurotransmitter in the adult brain. GABA exerts its main action through GABAA receptors, which are coupled to a ligand-gated chloride channel. The receptor protein is a pentameric structure composed of multiple subunits of different...
Original Articles
Clinical Outcomes of Infants with Failure to Gain Weight among Out-patients
Byoung Cheol Lee, Hae Rim Kim, Chan Lack Sohn, Sin Kam, Jin-Bok Hwang
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):604-610.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : The three categories of failure to thrive are based on anthropometric measurements of weight, length, and head circumference for age. Type 1 is a failure to gain weight(FGW) due mainly to malnutrition. This study was performed to observe the clinical outcomes of infants with FGW, Type 1, among out-patients. Methods : Between October 2002 and July 2003, data from...
Epidemiological Study of Pneumococcal Nasal Carriage and Serotypes Among Korean Children
Sun Mi Kim, Jae Kyun Hur, Kyung Yil Lee, Young Kil Shin, Su Eun Park, Sang Hyuk Ma, Ahn Youn Min, Jin Han Kang
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):611-616.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of pneumococcal nasal carriage and confirm the distribution of pneumococcal capsular serotypes in Korean children below aged 5 years old. Another reason this study was performed was to identify the theoretical coverage by seven valent conjugate pneumococcal vaccine, and confirm the penicillin resistant rate. Methods : This study included...
Clinical Studies of Sinus Headache in Children
Eun Ah Lee, Chang Woo Lee, Doo Young Choi
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):617-622.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Headache is a common reason for children to seek medical care. There are many causes of headaches in children, such as migraine and its variants, tension, intracranial masses, and sinusitis. A high frequency of diagnosis of sinus headache, which specialists consider to be relatively rare, raises the possibility that migraine and other headache types are sometimes mistaken for...
Is Acute Nonspecific Mesenteric Lymphadenitis Associated with Acute Abdominal Pain in Epidemic Aseptic Meningitis?
Hae Rim Kim, Kiyoung Ku, Young Hwan Lee, Sin Kam, Jin-Bok Hwang
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):623-627.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Acute abdominal pain in an epidemic aseptic meningitis which is mostly an enterovirus as causative agent, is noted in 23-55% of patients. An enterovirus is also known as one of the causes of acute nonspecific mesenteric lymphadenitis(ANML). The purpose of this study was to see if ANML was associated with acute abdominal pain in epidemic aseptic meningitis. Methods :...
Etiologic Diagnosis and Clinical Characteristics of Chronic Recurrent Chest Pain in Children
Eun-Jung Choi, Eun-A Lee, Chang-Woo Lee, Du-Young Choi, Yeon-Geun Oh, Jong-Duk Kim, Hyang-Suk Yoon
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):628-633.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : To identify the causes and clinical characteristics, and the efficacy of various diagnostic approaches, we studied, prospectively, pediatric patients with chronic recurrent chest pain. Methods : A prospective study of 122 patients with chronic recurrent chest pain from June 1998 to June 2003 was performed. The male and female ratio was 81 : 41, age 9.3?.1 year. A...
The Significance of Serologic Allergy Tests in Children with Recurrent Pneumonia
Yoon Hee Sim, Sin Weon Yun, Soo Ahn Chae, Dong Keun Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):634-640.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Pneumonia is one of the most common respiratory diseases in hospitalized children, and often recurs. It has been reported that asthma is one of the significant contributing factors to recurrent pneumonia. On the basis of similarities between asthma and recurrent pneumonia, we intended to evaluate the influence of allergy on recurrent pneumonia. Methods : Seventy one children with...
The Prevalence of Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young(MODY) 3 in Children with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
In Kyoung Choi, Duk Hee Kim, Ho-Seong Kim, Nam Huh, Sang Hyun Paek, Seoung Young Jung
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):641-646.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Maturity-onset diabetes of the young(MODY) is a subtype of type 2 diabetes defined by autosomal dominant mode of inheritance, onset of diabetes usually before the age of 25 yrs, and a primary defect in the function of the beta cells of the pancreas. MODY3 is known as the most common form and is caused by mutations in hepatocyte...
The Effects of Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Agonists on Final Height and its Related Factors in Patients with True Precocious Puberty
Sung Yeon Ahn, Jae Ho Yoo, Choong Ho Shin, Sei Won Yang
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):647-655.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of treatment with GnRH agonists on final height(FH) and the influencing factors on height gains. Methods : Twenty-five girls and five boys with true precocious puberty, who were treated with GnRH agonists for more than one year and had attained final height, were evaluated retrospectively. We analysed auxological parameters...
Matrix Metalloproteinases, Tissue Inhibitors and Cytokines in Patients with Kawasaki Disease
Ae Ra Cho, Young Mi Hong
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):656-664.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Kawasaki disease(KD) is a multisystemic inflammatory vasculitis of unknown etiology, but immunological abnormalities have been documented and implicated in the pathogenesis of KD. Matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs) have proteolytic activity against connective tissue proteins, and increased activity of MMPs and a quantitative imbalance between MMP and tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP) can result in several pathologic conditions. MMP and TIMP...
Echocardiographic Evaluation of Left Ventricular Function in Kawasaki Disease : Effect of Immune Globulin
Mi-Jin Jung
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):665-671.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : The purpose of this investigation was to identify the impaired myocardial function and improvement with immune globulin in Kawasaki disease. Methods : The myocardial performance and diastolic function were evaluated in 52 patients. M-mode and Doppler echocardiography were performed before(pre) and after immune globulin treatment : two to nine days(pre), five to 15 days(period one), 14 to 35...
Association of Angiotensin-converting Enzyme Gene Polymorphism with the Disease Activity of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in Korean Children
Kyung-Sue Shin
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):672-676.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Several recent studies have shown a significant association of angiotensin converting enzyme(ACE) gene polymorphism with systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE). The association has not been consistently confirmed; moreover, the association of ACE genotype with SLE in children has never been evaluated. The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of ACE gene polymorphism with SLE in Korean children. Methods...
Effect of a Flavon Extracted from Artemisia absinthium on Collagen Induced Arthritis in Mice
Kyong Min Choi, Dae Hwan Hwang, Kyung Mi Shin, Do-Young Yoon, Dong Soo Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):677-684.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : In this study, a possible suppressive effect of a flavon extracted from Artemisia absinthium on a mouse collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) model was investigated. Methods : DBA/1 mice were injected intradermally with emulsified chicken type II collagen. Three weeks after immunization, a flavon was introduced p.o. everyday. Clinical incidences of arthritis and arthritis index were measured. Measurement of anti-collagen antibodies...
Cardioprotective Effects of Minocycline in Rat Myocardiac Cell Culture Induced by Hypoxia
Bum Seok Yang, Hye Jin Park, Hong Tae Kim, Jong Won Lee, Dong Suk Lee, Un Seok Nho, Hai Lee Chung, Woo Taek Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):685-690.   Published online June 15, 2004
Purpose : Minocycline appears to reduce the mortality rate of patients with myocardial infarction. Therefore, the cardioprotective effects of minocycline through reduction of apoptosis were studied in a rat myocardiac cell culture induced by hypoxia. Methods : Cultured cells from the hearts of Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two sets of groups : normoxia groups treated with 5% O2 and...
Case Reports
A Case of Resolution of Duodenal Obstruction Caused by Duodenal Ulcer after the Eradication of Helicobacter pylori Infection
Sung Ryoung Han, Wan Suk Choi, Ju Suk Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):691-695.   Published online June 15, 2004
Duodenal ulcers are often complicated by obstruction, bleeding, or perforation. The eradication of Helicobacter pylori reduce ulcer recurrences and complications in patients with duodenal ulcer. However, there is controversy whether the eradication of H. pylori infection can resolve duodenal stenosis complicated by duodenal ulcers. After the eradication of H. pylori infection, duodenal stenosis complicated by duodenal ulcer was resolved in...
A Case of Actinomycotic Thyroiditis in a Child with Fourth Branchial Cleft Fistula
Hye Young Lee, Jeong Suk Yeom, Myoung Bum Choi, Ji Hyun Seo, Jae Young Lim, Chan Hoo Park, Hyang Ok Woo, Hee Sang Youn
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):696-700.   Published online June 15, 2004
Fistulas of the fourth branchial pouch have an external opening in the neck and the inner opening at the apex of the pyriform fossa. The tract passes from the left lobe of the thyroid, resulting in acute suppurative thyroiditis in most cases. Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive infection caused by anaerobic or microaerophilic gram-positive bacteria, primarily of the genus...
A Case of Systemic Air Embolism in a Child after Thoracic Blunt Trauma
Hee Jin Cho, Hyun Ju Lee, In Sil Lee, Hae Joung Yang
Korean J Pediatr. 2004;47(6):701-703.   Published online June 15, 2004
Systemic air embolism occurs when air enters the pulmonary venous system as a result of a positive gradient caused by low pulmonary venous pressure or increased airway pressure, or both. Systemic air embolism has been frequently reported after penetrating thoracic trauma and can induce life-threatening complications. In blunt thoracic trauma, systemic air embolism has been rarely diagnosed. Because air embolism...
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