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Review Article
Allergy
Phenotypes of allergic diseases in children and their application in clinical situations
Eun Lee, Soo-Jong Hong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(9):325-333.   Published online April 23, 2019
Allergic diseases, including allergic rhinitis, asthma, and atopic dermatitis, are common heterogeneous diseases that encompass diverse phenotypes and different pathogeneses. Phenotype studies of allergic diseases can facilitate the identification of risk factors and their underlying pathophysiology, resulting in the application of more effective treatment, selection of better treatment responses, and prediction of prognosis for each phenotype. In the early phase...
Original Article
General Pediatrics
Prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with metabolic syndrome and cardiometabolic risk factors in Korean children and adolescents: analysis based on the 2016–2017 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey
Jung Hyun Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):317-323.   Published online June 24, 2019

Purpose: Investigating the prevalence of hyperuricemia and its association with metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRFs) in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: This cross-sectional survey used data from the 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2016–2017); 1,256 males and females aged 10–18 years were included. Hyperuricemia was defined as serum uric acid levels were >6.6 mg/dL at...
Neurology
Evaluation of hematologic profile may be needed for patients treated with oxcarbazepine
Gu Hyun Jung, Su Jeong You
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):312-316.   Published online April 11, 2019

Purpose: The major side effects of treatment with oxcarbazepine (OXC) are skin rash and hyponatremia. Hematologic side effects are reported rarely. The aim of this study was to investigate the rate and types of the hematologic side effects of OXC. Methods: The medical records of 184 patients diagnosed with epilepsy or movement disorder and on OXC monotherapy, at the Department of...
Neonatology (Perinatology)
The relation between serum levels of epidermal growth factor and necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm neonates
Heba Mostafa Ahmed, Nsreen Mostafa Kamel
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):307-311.   Published online March 15, 2019

Purpose: Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is one of the most serious complications of prematurity. Many risk factors can contribute to the development of NEC. The epidermal growth factor (EGF) plays a major role in intestinal barrier function, increases intestinal enzyme activity, and improves nutrient transport. The aim of this study was to assess the role of epidermal growth factor in the...
Cardiology
Iron deficiency anemia as a predictor of coronary artery abnormalities in Kawasaki disease
Sohyun Kim, Lucy Youngmin Eun
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):301-306.   Published online February 8, 2019

Purpose: Coronary artery abnormalities (CAA) are the most important complications of Kawasaki disease (KD). Iron deficiency anemia (IDA) is a prevalent micronutrient deficiency and its association with KD remains unknown. We hypothesized that presence of IDA could be a predictor of CAA. Methods: This retrospective study included 173 KD patients, divided into 2 groups according to absence (group 1) and presence...
Editorial
Allergy
Why should we monitor for hematologic adverse drug reactions to oxcarbazepine?
Gwang Cheon Jang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):299-300.   Published online June 24, 2019
Cardiology
Can iron be a risk factor for coronary lesions in Kawasaki disease?
Kyung Lim Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):297-298.   Published online June 7, 2019
Review Article
Cardiology
Reality of Kawasaki disease epidemiology
Gi Beom Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):292-296.   Published online July 9, 2019
Epidemiologic studies of Kawasaki disease (KD) have shown a new pattern or change of its occurrence suggestive of its pathophysiology or risk factors from the first patient with KD reported in 1961. The incidence of KD in Northeast Asian countries including Japan, South Korea, China, and Taiwan is 10–30 times higher than that in the United States and Europe. Knowing...
Gastroenterology
The role of fecal calprotectin in pediatric disease
Su Jin Jeong
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(8):287-291.   Published online March 28, 2019
Fecal calprotectin (FC) is a calcium- and zinc-binding protein of the S100 family, mainly expressed by neutrophils and released during inflammation. FC became an increasingly useful tool both for gastroenterologists and for general practitioners for distinguishing inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) from irritable bowel syndrome. Increasing evidences support the use of this biomarker for diagnosis, follow-up and evaluation of response to...
Original Article
Neurology
Correlation of serum S100B levels with brain magnetic resonance imaging abnormalities in children with status epilepticus
Prastiya Indra Gunawan, Darto Saharso, Dian Purnama Sari
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):281-285.   Published online May 8, 2019

Purpose: To evaluate the association between elevated S100B levels with brain tissue damage seen in abnormalities of head magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; diffusion tensor imaging [DTI] sequence) in patients with status epilepticus (SE). Methods: An analytical observational study was conducted in children hospitalized at Dr Soetomo Hospital, Surabaya, from July to December 2016. The patients were divided into 2 groups: SE...
Endocrinology
Comparison of effectiveness of growth hormone therapy according to disease-causing genes in children with Noonan syndrome
Kyo Jin Jo, Yoo Mi Kim, Ju Young Yoon, Yeoun Joo Lee, Young Mi Han, Han-Wook Yoo, Hyang-Sook Kim, Chong Kun Cheon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):274-280.   Published online December 3, 2018

Purpose: To analyze the growth response to growth hormone (GH) therapy in prepubertal patients with Noonan syndrome (NS) harboring different genetic mutations. Methods: Twenty-three patients with prepubertal NS treated at Pusan National University Children’s Hospital between March 2009 and July 2017 were enrolled. According to the disease-causing genes identified, the patients with NS were divided into 4 groups. Three groups were...
Neurology
Efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel treatment in children under 12 years of age with refractory epilepsy
Yuni Yun, Dongsub Kim, Yun-Jeong Lee, Soonhak Kwon, Su-Kyeong Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):269-273.   Published online December 26, 2018

Purpose: There is limited data on the use of perampanel in children under 12 years of age. We evaluated the efficacy and tolerability of adjunctive perampanel treatment in children under 12 years of age with refractory epilepsy. Methods: This retrospective observational study was performed in Kyungpook National University Hospital from July 2016 to March 2018. A responder was defined as a...
Endocrinology
Secular change in waist circumference and waist-height ratio and optimal cutoff of waist-height ratio for abdominal obesity among Korean children and adolescents over 10 years
Min Sub Kim, Se Young Kim, Jae Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):261-268.   Published online December 3, 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the time trends of waist circumference (WC) and waist-height ratio (WHR), and to present WC and WHR distributions with optimal WHR cutoff for abdominal obesity in Korean children and adolescents. Methods: We performed a retrospective cross-sectional analysis of data from 13,257 children and adolescents (6,987 boys and 6,270 girls) aged 6–18 years who were included...
Editorial
Neurology
Perampanel is also a useful adjunctive treatment option in refractory epilepsy in children
Jon Soo Kim, Won Seop Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):259-260.   Published online March 5, 2019
Review Article
Recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents: Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society, 2018
Eun Hwa Choi, Su Eun Park, Yae-Jean Kim, Dae Sun Jo, Yun-Kyung Kim, Byung-Wook Eun, Taek-Jin Lee, Jina Lee, Hyunju Lee, Ki Hwan Kim, Hye-Kyung Cho, Eun Young Cho, Jong-Hyun Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):252-256.   Published online July 15, 2019
The Committee on Infectious Diseases of the Korean Pediatric Society recommended immunization schedule for children and adolescents aged 18 years or younger in the 9th (2018) edition of Immunization guideline. This report provides the revised recommendations made by the committee and summarizes several changes from the 2015 guideline. National immunization program (NIP) launched a human papillomavirus (HPV) immunization for girls...
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Practice for preterm patent ductus arteriosus; focusing on the hemodynamic significance and the impact on the neonatal outcomes
Jin A Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(7):245-251.   Published online April 8, 2019
Hemodynamically significant preterm patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) affects mortality; comorbidities such as necrotizing enterocolitis, intraventricular hemorrhage, and bronchopulmonary dysplasia; and adverse long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes in preterm infants, particularly in very low birth weight infants. However, recent studies have indicated that there is no consensus on the causal relationship between PDA and neonatal outcomes, the benefit of PDA treatment, the factors...
Corrigendum: Correction of the fourth author’s name and institution
Corrigendum: Cardiac function associated with home ventilator care in Duchenne muscular dystrophy
Sangheun Lee, Heeyoung Lee, Lucy Youngmin Eun, Seung-Woong Gang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):244-244.   Published online June 14, 2019
Original Article
Cardiology
Change of coronary artery indices according to coronary dominance pattern in early childhood
Yoon jin Lee, Kyoung Soo Park, Hong Ryang Kil
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):240-243.   Published online November 22, 2018

Purpose: Coronary arterial lesion assessment in children can be difficult, depending on the coronary dominance pattern. Although it is easier to determine coronary dominance with echocardiography in children than in adults, it is still difficult. This study aimed to examine the coronary dominance pattern according to the objective coronary artery (CA) indices. Methods: The CA diameter, aortic valve annulus, and abdominal...
High antistreptolysin O titer is associated with coronary artery lesions in patients with Kawasaki disease
Dong Eun Min, Do Hee Kim, Mi Young Han, Sung Ho Cha, Kyung Lim Yoon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):235-239.   Published online November 7, 2018

Purpose: In Kawasaki disease (KD) patients, coronary artery complications, incomplete and refractory types occur more frequently in patients with streptococcal or other bacterial/viral infections. Recently, we observed a higher incidence of coronary lesions in KD patients with high anti-streptolysin O (ASO) titer. Therefore, we hypothesized that KD patients diagnosed with concurrent streptococcal infection have poor prognosis, with respect to treatment...
Genetics and Metabolism
Clinical and molecular characterization of Korean children with infantile and late-onset Pompe disease: 10 years of experience with enzyme replacement therapy at a single center
Min-Sun Kim, Ari Song, Minji Im, June Huh, I-Seok Kang, Jinyoung Song, Aram Yang, Jinsup Kim, Eun-Kyung Kwon, Eu-Jin Choi, Sun-Ju Han, Hyung-Doo Park, Sung Yoon Cho, Dong-Kyu Jin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):224-234.   Published online October 4, 2018

Purpose: Pompe disease (PD) is an autosomal recessive disorder caused by a deficiency of acid alphaglucosidase resulting from pathogenic GAA variants. This study describes the clinical features, genotypes, changes before and after enzyme replacement therapy (ERT), and long-term outcomes in patients with infantile-onset PD (IOPD) and late-onset PD (LOPD) at a tertiary medical center. Methods: The medical records of 5 Korean...
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Diagnostic value of eosinopenia and neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio on early onset neonatal sepsis
Rocky Wilar
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):217-223.   Published online October 8, 2018

Purpose: To determine the diagnostic value of eosinopenia and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) in the diagnosis of early onset neonatal sepsis (EONS). Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in the Neonatology Ward of R.D. Kandou General Hospital Manado between July and October 2017. Samples were obtained from all neonates meeting the inclusion criteria for EONS. Data were encoded using logistic regression...
Editorial
Cardiology
Importance of coronary artery dominance in children to determine coronary artery dilatation
Hee Joung Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):215-216.   Published online May 3, 2019
Does any specific infection cause Kawasaki disease?
Dong Seok Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):213-214.   Published online May 3, 2019
Review Article
Endocrinology
Prevalence of obesity and overweight in Iranian children aged less than 5 years: a systematic review and meta-analysis
kamyar mansori, Sorour Khateri, Yousef Moradi, Zaher Khazaei, Hossein Mirzaei, Shiva Mansouri Hanis, Mehran Asadi Aliabadi, Mehdi Ranjbaran, Fatemeh Varse, Serveh Parang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):206-212.   Published online April 23, 2019

Purpose: The present study aimed to determine the prevalence of childhood obesity and overweight in Iranian children under 5 years of age using a systematic review and meta-analysis. Methods: We searched MEDLINE (PubMed), Web of Science, Google Scholar, Scopus, CINHAL, and the Iranian databases, including Scientific Information Database (www.sid.ir), Iranian Research Institute for Information Science and Technology (Irandoc.ac.ir), Iranmedex (www.iranmedex.com), and...
Pulmonology
Benefits and risks of therapeutic alternatives for macrolide resistant Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia in children
Hyeon-Jong Yang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(6):199-205.   Published online March 15, 2019
Although Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia (MPP) has been generally susceptible to macrolides, the emergence of macrolide-resistant MPP (MRMP) has made its treatment challenging. MRMP rapidly spread after the 2000s, especially in East Asia. MRMP is more common in children and adolescents than in adults, which is likely related to the frequent use of macrolides for treating M. pneumoniae infections in children....
Case Report
Nephrology (Genitourinary)
De novo mutations in COL4A5 identified by whole exome sequencing in 2 girls with Alport syndrome in Korea
Kyoung Hee Han, Jong Eun Park, Chang-Seok Ki
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(5):193-197.   Published online November 26, 2018
Alport syndrome (ATS) is an inherited glomerular disease caused by mutations in one of the type IV collagen novel chains (α3, α4, and α5). ATS is characterized by persistent microscopic hematuria that starts during infancy, eventually leading to either progressive nephritis or end-stage renal disease. There are 3 known genetic forms of ATS, namely X-linked ATS, autosomal recessive ATS, and...
Original Article
Developmental and Behavioral Medicine
Validity of the Korean Developmental Screening Test for very-low-birth-weight infants
Chae Young Kim, Euiseok Jung, Byong Sop Lee, Ki-Soo Kim, Ellen Ai-Rhan Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(5):187-192.   Published online March 20, 2019

Purpose: The importance of the neurodevelopmental outcomes of very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants has been emphasized as their mortality rate has markedly improved. This study aimed to assess the validity of the Korean Developmental Screening Test (K-DST), a developmental screening tool approved by the Korean Society of Pediatrics, for the timely diagnosis of neurodevelopmental delay in VLBW infants. Methods: Subjects included VLBW infants...
Endocrinology
Prevalence and associates of obesity and overweight among school-age children in a rural community of Thailand
Teechaya Nonboonyawat, Wuttipat Pusanasuwannasri, Nattanon Chanrat, Natta Wongthanavimok, Danutanut Tubngern, Piengkwan Panutrakul, Mathirut Mungthin, Thirapa Nivesvivat, Panadda Hatthachote, Ram Rangsin, Phunlerd Piyaraj
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(5):179-186.   Published online February 8, 2019

Purpose: Information about overweight and obesity among students in rural areas of Thailand is limited. Therefore, we aimed to determine overweight and obesity prevalences and associated factors among school-aged children in a rural community of Thailand. Methods: We selected 9 public schools through cluster sampling in 2 provinces located in central Thailand in 2016. Anthropometric measurements were measured using standard techniques,...
Gastroenterology
The role of Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 for the absorption of iron preparations in children with iron deficiency anemia
Jeanette Manoppo, Hilda Tasiringan, Audrey Wahani, Adrian Umboh, Max Mantik
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(5):173-178.   Published online January 25, 2019

Purpose: To determine whether Lactobacillus reuteri DSM 17938 plays a role in absorption of iron preparations given to children with iron deficiency anemia (IDA). Methods: We performed a quasi-experimental study involving pre- and postintervention tests using a control group in North Sulawesi province, Indonesia, between July and September 2017. We conducted a single-blind controlled trial that included primary school children who...
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