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Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Neurodevelopmental outcomes of very low birth weight infants in the Neonatal Research Network of Japan: importance of neonatal intensive care unit graduate follow-up
Yumi Kono; on behalf of the Neonatal Research Network of Japan
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2021;64(7):313-321.   Published online November 9, 2020
· Very low birth weight infants remain at high risk of developing neurodevelopmental impairments in early childhood.
· It is important to establish a network follow-up protocol and complete assessments with fewer dropouts to enable clarification of the outcomes of registered infants.
· All possible strategies should be employed to maintain good compliance after neonatal intensive care unit discharge.
Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Effect of red blood cell transfusion on short-term outcomes in very low birth weight infants
Eui Young Lee, Sung Shin Kim, Ga Young Park, Sun Hyang Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(2):56-62.   Published online February 6, 2020
Question: Does RBC transfusion affect the short-term outcomes of VLBW infants?
Finding: The results showed that RBC transfusion was significantly related to the incidence of BPD (OR, 5.42; P<0.001) and NEC (OR, 3.40; P=0.009).
Meaning: Careful consideration of the patient’s clinical condition and appropriate guidelines is required before administering RBC transfusions.
Review Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Short- and long-term outcomes of very low birth weight infants in Korea: Korean Neonatal Network update in 2019
Jang Hoon Lee, YoungAh Youn, Yun Sil Chang; Korean Neonatal Network
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(8):284-290.   Published online February 5, 2020
The Korean Neonatal Network (KNN) has collected population-based data for very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs) born in Korea since 2013. The survival rate of all VLBWIs was 86% in Korea. The overall prevalence of cerebral palsy was 6.2%–6.6%. Bilateral blindness and hearing loss were reported in 0.2%–0.3%, 0.8%–1.9%, respectively. The KNN has published annual reports and papers for facilitating the improvement of VLBWIs outcome in Korea.
Original Article
Neonatology (Perinatology)
Synbiotics use for preventing sepsis and necrotizing enterocolitis in very low birth weight neonates: a randomized controlled trial
Ozge Serce Pehlevan, Derya Benzer, Tugba Gursoy, Guner Karatekin, Fahri Ovali
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2020;63(6):226-231.   Published online February 5, 2020
Background: Probiotics and prebiotics have strain-specific effects on the host. Synbiotics, a mixture of probiotics and prebiotics, are proposed to have more beneficial effects on the host than either agent has alone.
Purpose: We performed a randomized controlled trial to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium together with oligosaccharides and lactoferrin on the development of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) or sepsis...
Association between vitamin D level at birth and respiratory morbidities in very-low-birth-weight infants
Ian Kim, Sung Shin Kim, Jee In Song, Seock Hwa Yoon, Ga Young Park, Yong-Wha Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2019;62(5):166-172.   Published online October 24, 2018

Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate vitamin D status at birth in very-low-birth-weight infants (VLBWIs: <1,500 g) and to determine the association between vitamin D level and respiratory morbidity. Methods: A retrospective study was conducted at Soonchunhyang University Bucheon Hospital between November 2013 and November 2017. We collected blood samples and data on respiratory morbidity from 230 VLBWIs on the first...
The impact of a quality improvement effort in reducing admission hypothermia in preterm infants following delivery
Han Saem Choi, Soon Min Lee, Hoseon Eun, Minsoo Park, Kook-In Park, Ran Namgung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2018;61(8):239-244.   Published online August 15, 2018

Purpose: Hypothermia at admission is associated with increased mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. We performed a quality improvement (QI) effort to determine the impact of a decrease in admission hypothermia in preterm infants. Methods: The study enrolled very low birth weight (VLBW) infants born at Gangnam Severance Hospital between January 2013 and December 2016. This multidisciplinary QI effort included the...
Postdischarge growth assessment in very low birth weight infants
Joon-Sik Park, Jungho Han, Jeong Eun Shin, Soon Min Lee, Ho Seon Eun, Min-Soo Park, Kook-In Park, Ran Namgung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2017;60(3):64-69.   Published online March 27, 2017
Purpose

The goal of nutritional support for very-low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants from birth to term is to match the in utero growth rates; however, this is rarely achieved.

Methods

We evaluated postdischarge growth patterns and growth failure in 81 Korean VLBW infants through a retrospective study. Weight and height were measured and calculated based on age percentile distribution every 3 months until age 24...

Modification of nutrition strategy for improvement of postnatal growth in very low birth weight infants
Ah Young Choi, Yong Wook Lee, Mea-young Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2016;59(4):165-173.   Published online April 30, 2016
Purpose

To identify the effects of modified parenteral nutrition (PN) and enteral nutrition (EN) regimens on the growth of very low birth weight (VLBW) infants.

Methods

The study included VLBW infants weighing <1,500 g, admitted to Chungnam National University Hospital between October 2010 and April 2014, who were alive at the time of discharge. Subjects were divided according to 3 periods: period 1...

Thyroid dysfunction in very low birth weight preterm infants
Ji Hoon Lee, Sung Woo Kim, Ga Won Jeon, Jong Beom Sin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2015;58(6):224-229.   Published online June 22, 2015
Purpose

Thyroid dysfunction is common in preterm infants. Congenital hypothyroidism causes neurodevelopmental impairment, which is preventable if properly treated. This study was conducted to describe the characteristics of thyroid dysfunction in very low birth weight infants (VLBWIs), evaluate risk factors of hypothyroidism, and suggest the reassessment of thyroid function with an initially normal thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) as part of a newborn...

Analysis of the association between necrotizing enterocolitis and transfusion of red blood cell in very low birth weight preterm infants
Seon-Yeong Bak, Sihyoung Lee, Jae-Hong Park, Kyu-Hee Park, Ji-Hyun Jeon
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(3):112-115.   Published online March 18, 2013
Purpose

To investigate the association between necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and red blood cell transfusions in very low birth weight (VLBW) preterm infants.

Methods

We studied were 180 VLBW preterm infants who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit of CHA Gangnam Hospital from January of 2006 to December of 2009. The subjects were divided into 2 groups: an NEC group (greater than...

The control of invasive Candida infection in very low birth weight infants by reduction in the use of 3rd generation cephalosporin
Yu Jin Chang, Il Rak Choi, Won Sub Shin, Jang Hoon Lee, Yun Kyung Kim, Moon Sung Park
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2013;56(2):68-74.   Published online February 25, 2013
Purpose

To evaluate the effectiveness of new management policies on the incidence of invasive Candida infections

Methods

This observational study involved a retrospective analysis of the patients' medical records. In total, 99 very low birth weight infants, who were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at Ajou University Hospital from January 2010 to December 2011, were enrolled for the study. Period I,...

Changes in the outcomes of neonatal intensive care unit at a single center over 12 years
Hyun-Hee Lee, Tae-Yeon Kim, Seon-Hee Shin, Tae-Jung Sung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(8):881-887.   Published online August 15, 2009

Purpose:The survival rate of very low birth weight infant (VLBWI) had increased as a result of advances in neonatal intensive care. We evaluated the changes in outcomes of VLBWI who admitted to the neonatal care unit of Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital. Methods:Retrospective review of 339 VLBWI who were born from 1st January 1997 to 31th December 2008 were performed. Outcomes including survival...
Growth and clinical efficacy of fortified human milk and premature formula on very low birth weight infants
Heewon Chueh, Myo Jing Kim, Young-A Lee, Jin-A Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):704-712.   Published online July 15, 2008
Purpose : A prospective, controlled trial was conducted to evaluate growth, efficacy, safety and nutritional status for very low birth weight infants fed with human milk fortified with Maeil human milk fortifier (Maeil HMF ; Maeil Dairies Co., Ltd.). Methods : We enrolled 45 premature infants with a birth weight <1,500 g and gestational age <33 weeks, who were born at...
Review Article
Trends in survival rate for very low birth weight infants and extremely low birth weight infants in Korea, 1967-2007
Ki-Soo Kim, Chung-Woo Bae
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(3):237-242.   Published online March 15, 2008
To investigate the trends in the survival rate (SR) for very low birth weight infants (VLBW) and extremely low birth weight infants (ELBWI) in Korea, a total of 43 articles pertaining to SR were analyzed, covering the years from 1967 to 2007. The changes in SR were compared using 5 year periods. The SR for VLBWI has increased remarkably, from...
Original Article
Fluconazole prophylaxis in high-risk, very low birth weight infants
Soo Young Kim, Soon Joo Lee, Mi Jeong Kim, Eun Song Song, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2007;50(7):636-642.   Published online July 15, 2007
Purpose : Fluconazole prophylaxis for very low birth weight (VLBW) infants has been shown to reduce invasive fungal infection and its mortality. This study aims to evaluate the effect of fluconazole prophylaxis in VLBW infants on the incidence and mortality of fungal infection. Methods : VLBW infants with endotracheal intubation and central vascular access admitted to the Neonatal Intensive Care...
Comparison of total parenteral nutrition-associated cholestasis according to amino acid mixtures in very low birth weight infants
Jin-Sung Choi, Yun-Jin Bae, Young Ah Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(9):972-976.   Published online September 15, 2006
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of amino acid mixtures on incidence and severity of total parenteral nutrition associated-cholestasis(PNAC) in very low birth weight infants. Methods : Retrospective review of 63 very low birth weight infants(birth weight ≤1,500 g) who received total parenteral nutrition(TPN) in our neonatal intensive care unit from January 2000 to...
Immune responses of hepatitis B vaccination among very low birth weight infant
Young-Deuk Kim, Myung-Ki Han, Ai-Rhan E. Kim, Ki-Soo Kim, Soo-Young Pi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(8):857-863.   Published online August 15, 2006
Purpose : To evaluate the immunogenicity of hepatitis B vaccine among very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) who were vaccinated at 0, 1, 6 months of chronological age and to determine the factors associated with antibody formations. Methods : A total of 243 VLBWI admitted to Seoul and Gangneung Asan Medical Center neonatal intensive care units from 1997 to 2004 were...
Catch-up growth and development of very low birth weight infants
Tae Ho Ma, Kyung Ah Kim, Sun Young Ko, Yeon Kyung Lee, Son Moon Shin
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2006;49(1):29-33.   Published online January 15, 2006
Purpose : The aim of this study was to analyze the results and contributing factors of catch-up growth in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) at the corrected age of 2 years. In addition, we looked for a relationship between the catch-up growth and the development by the bayley scales of infant development II(BSID II). Methods : A retrospective analysis by...
Clinical Use and Complications of Percutaneous Central Venous Catheterization in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Hyang Kim, Sun Hui Kim, Hyung Suck Byun, Young Youn Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(9):953-959.   Published online September 15, 2005
Purpose : The administration of total parenteral nutrition(TPN) has become a standard procedure in the management of nutritionally deprived and critically low birth weight neonates. Sepsis remains the most frequent serious complication during TPN, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality and health care costs. This study was performed to evaluate the clinical efficacy and complications of percutaneous central venous catheterization(PCVC) in...
Survival Rate in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Jae Ju Cho, Soon Bum Lee, Woo Sung Park, Young Pyo Chang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(5):505-509.   Published online May 15, 2004
Purpose : We observed changes in the outcome of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit(NICU) of Dankook University Hospital(DKUH) in the last six years. Methods : The distribution of birth weight and gestational age, survival rate, neonatal complications, and causes of death for 228 VLBWI who had been admitted to DKUH from 1st January...
Risk Factors of Nephrocalcinosis in Very Low Birth Weight(VLBW) Infants
Gyu Hong Shim, Jin A Lee, Yun Jung Shin, Ee Kyung Kim, June Dong Park, Beyong Il Kim, Jung Hwan Choi
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(3):275-281.   Published online March 15, 2004
Purpose : Nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight(VLBW) infants were known to be caused by a longer duration of furosemide use. However, etiologies, pathogenesis and risk factors remain unclear. Therefore, we examined the incidence and risk factors of nephrocalcinosis in VLBW infants retrospectively. Methods : Inborn babies of birth weights less than 1,500 gm were examined retrospectively. Data were reviewed on...
Changes in Incidence, Survival Rate and Morbidity of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Young Ok Kim, Sun Hui Kim, Chang Yee Cho, Young Youn Choi, Jin Hwa Kook, Tae Ju Hwang
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2003;46(8):769-776.   Published online August 15, 2003
Purpose : The survival rate of very low birth weight infants(VLBWI) has improved by virtue of specialized neonatal care. This study was performed to analyze the changes in incidence, survival rate and morbidity of VLBWI who admitted to Chonnam National University Hospital from 1996 to 2001. Methods : We enrolled 565 VLBWI, and compared the incidence and the survival rate according...
Changes in the Outcomes of Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Shung Shin Kim, Moon Hee Kim, Jae Won Shin, Sun Young Ko, Eun Kyung Lee, Yun Sil Chang, I Seok Kang, Won Soon Park, Mun Hyang Lee, Sang Il Lee, Heung Jae Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(7):828-835.   Published online July 15, 2002
Purpose : The outcomes of infants weighing less than 1,500 gm(very low birth weight infant : VLBWI) reflect recent progress in neonatal intensive care. In this study, we analyzed changes over time in survival rate and morbidity of VLBWIs during the past seven years. Methods : A retrospective review of medical records was analyzed for VLBWIs admitted to the neonatal intensive...
Influence of Phototherapy on Incidence of Patent Ductus Arteriosus in Very Low Birth W eight Infants
Hee Seok Kim, Ee Kyung Kim, Yun Kyoung Lee, Hee Eun Lee, Chan Hwu Park, Kyung Ran Park, Jun Dong Park, Beyong Il Kim, Woong Heum Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi, Yong Su Yun, Chong Ku Yun, Jeong Mi Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(10):1410-1418.   Published online October 15, 1997
Purpose : Patent ductus arteriosus(PDA) is a common disease in very low birth weight infants(VLBWI). Hemodynamically significant PDA increases the morbidity and mortality of premature infants. Based on experimental model, light inhibits the constriction of immature piglet' s ductal rings. No specific mechanism adequately explains the effect of light on the relaxation of PDA. Several hypotheses, including activation of photosensitive metabolites, alterations in receptors, or...
Impact of Perinatal Risk Factors on Mental or Psychomotor Developmental Outcome of Very Low Birth W eight Infants
Eun Kyung Jin, Jong Uk Kim, Do Whan Kil, Oh Kyung Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1997;40(9):1202-1209.   Published online September 15, 1997
Purpose : To determine which perinatal risk factors influence neurodevelopmental outcome, we try to investigate which perinatal risk factors are correlated with Baley mental or psychomotor developmental index using BSID-Ⅱ test(Baley Scales of Infant Development, Ⅱ) in long term follow up of very low birth weight who received neonatal intensive care. Methods : This study was performed on 56 very low birth weight infants with...
Growth and Neurodevelopmental Outcome on Very Low Birth Weight Infants During 2 Years
Eun Suk Kim, Jong Uk Kim, Oh Kyung Lee, Wan Soeb Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(5):641-651.   Published online May 15, 1996
Purpose : By rapid development of neonatal intensive care from 1960, we are able to expect the long survival of the very low birth weight infants. But, there were high risk of poor growth, neurodevelopmental delay, deafness, and blindness in very low birth weight infants. So, it is important to follow-up after discharge. We try to compare normal term infants with...
Effect of Intravenous Immunoglobulin(IVIG) on Renal Function in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Hwa Young Jang, Haeng Mi Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1996;39(4):475-481.   Published online April 15, 1996
Purpose : This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of IVIG infusion on renal function in VLBW infants. IVIG has been proved quite safe in neonates given prophylactic and therapeutic doses. But nephrotoxicity is not recognized as adverse in IVIG therapy, only several previous adult cases have been noted. Methods : For a total of ten VLBW infants who had...
Clinical Study on Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Sha Young Choi, Dae Young Jang, Oh Kyung Lee, Wan Seob Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(5):628-635.   Published online May 15, 1994
Medical records of very low birth weight infants weighing less than 1500 grams at birth were reviewed and analyzed. One hundred and forty three infants who were admitted to neonatal intensive care unit of Presbyterian Medical Center, including those who were born and transferred from other hospitals, from January 1987 to December 1991 were examined and the following results were obtained; 1)...
Case Report
Furosemide-Induced Nephrocalcinosis in Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1994;37(4):553-559.   Published online April 15, 1994
Renal calcifications are a recognized complication of furosemide therapy in premature infants. Particularly in infants with chronic lung disease, the use of this potent diuretic is associated with hypercalciuria, which may predispose the infant to medullary nephrocalcinosis and renal calculi. We experienced two cases of nephrocalcinosis in very low birth weight infants. One had bronchopulmonary dysplasia, pneumonia, patent ductus arteriosus,...
Original Article
Clinical Observation on Very Low Birth Weight Infants
Jong Soo Lee, Mi Young Yeo, Byung Hak Lim, Sang Geel Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 1992;35(1):44-50.   Published online January 15, 1992
Charts of very low birth weight infants weighing less than 1500 gms at birth were revieved and the results were analyzed. Infants were 152 in numbers, admitted to nursery in Fatima Hospital from January 1986 to December 1989 including outborns. Results were as follow: 1) The incidence of very low birth weight was 5.78/1000 among 26270 newborn infants. 2) Maternal high...
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