9. Berchtold A, Akre C, Barrense-Dias Y, Zimmermann G, Surís JC. Daily internet time: towards an evidence-based recommendation? Eur J Public Health 2018;28:647–51.
12. Survey on internet overdependence [internet]. Seoul (Korea): National Information Society Agency; 2015 [cited 2021 Nov 29]. Available from:
http://www.nia.or.kr/.
13. Lissak G. Adverse physiological and psychological effects of screen time on children and adolescents: Literature review and case study. Environ Res 2018;164:149–57.
16. Nikkelen SW, Valkenburg PM, Huizinga M, Bushman BJ. Media use and ADHD-related behaviors in children and adolescents: a meta-analysis. Dev Psychol 2014;50:2228–41.
17. Choi HJ, Kim HK. Effects of COVID-19 stress on children’s emotion and academic development. J Welf Counsel Educ 2021;10:83–105.
22. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association, 2013.
27. Vassend O, Roysamb E, Nielsen CS, Czajkowski NO. Musculoskeletal complaints, anxiety-depression symptoms, and neuroticism: a study of middle-aged twins. Health Psychol 2017;36:729–39.
28. Russo J, Katon W, Sullivan M, Clark M, Buchwald D. Severity of somatization and its relationship to psychiatric disorders and personality. Psychosomatics 1994;35:546–56.
29. Portegijs PJ, Jeuken FM, van der Horst FG, Kraan HF, Knottnerus JA. A troubled youth: relations with somatization, depression and anxiety in adulthood. Fam Pract 1996;13:1–11.
30. Masi G, Favilla L, Millepiedi S, Mucci M. Somatic symptoms in children and adolescents referred for emotional and behavioral disorders. Psychiatry 2000;63:140–9.
32. Jowett S, Shevlin M, Hyland P, Karatzias T. Posttraumatic stress disorder and persistent somatic symptoms during the COVID-19 pandemic: the role of sense of threat. Psychosom Med 2021;83:338–44.
33. Sağaltıcı E, Sönmez O, Karcı E, Şahin ŞK, Ertürk A. Somatic distress, mental health and psychological resilience among cancer patients during the pandemic. Int J Res Counsel Educ 2021;5:116–27.
34. Southwick SM, Charney DS. The science of resilience: implications for the prevention and treatment of depression. Science 2012;338:79–82.
37. Osofsky HJ, Weems CF, Graham RA, Osofsky JD, Hansel TC, King LS. Perceptions of resilience and physical health symptom improvement following post disaster integrated health services. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2019;13:223–9.
39. Rosenthal CM, Thompson LA. Child abuse awareness month during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. JAMA Pediatr 2020;174:812.
41. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Child abuse & neglect Korea 2020 [internet]. Sejong (Korea): Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2020 [cited 2021 Nov 29]. Available from:
http://www.mohw.go.kr/.
44. Ministry of Health and Welfare. Child abuse & neglect Korea 2019 [internet]. Sejong (Korea): Ministry of Health and Welfare; 2019 [cited 2021 Nov 29]. Available from:
http://www.mohw.go.kr/.
49. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. Physical activity guidelines for Americans. 2nd ed. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, 2018.
50. Lobelo F, Muth ND, Hanson S, Nemeth BA, Council on Sports Medicine and Fitness; Section on Obesity. Physical activity assessment and counseling in pediatric clinical settings. Pediatrics 2020;145:e20193992.
51. Lee SH, Huh YJ, Kim JH, Han CS. Finding optimal cut off points of the Korean version of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) for screening depressive disorders. Mood Emot 2014;12:32–6.
54. Zhou X. Managing psychological distress in children and adolescents following the COVID-19 epidemic: a cooperative approach. Psychol Trauma 2020;12(S1): S76–8.