| Hypernatremia and hyponatremia |
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Dong Un Kim |
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Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea |
| 고나트륨혈증과 저나트륨혈증 |
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김동언 |
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가톨릭대학교 의과대학 소아과학교실 |
Correspondence:
Dong Un Kim, Email: dukim@catholic.ac.kr
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| Abstract |
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Sodium is the major cation of the extracellular fluid and the primary determinant of extracellular osmolality. Therefore, hypernatremia causes water movement out of cells, while hyponatremia causes water movement into cells, resulting in cellular shrinkage and cellular swelling, respectively. Serious central nervous system symptoms may complicate both conditions. Since hypernatremia and hyponatremia are accompanied by abnormalities in water balance, it is essential to understand the mechanisms regulating extracellular osmolality and volume as well as the pathophysiology of hypernatremia and hyponatremia, in order to manage both conditions with swiftness and safety. |
| Key Words:
Hypernatremia , Hyponatremia , Osmolality , Volume , Water balance |
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