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Volume 50(12); Dec 2007
Review Articles
Autoimmunity
Joong Gon Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1165-1172.   Published online December 15, 2007
Self/non-self discrimination and unresponsiveness to self is the fundamental properties of the immune system. Self-tolerance is a state in which the individual is incapable of developing an immune response to an individual's own antigens and it underlies the ability to remain tolerant of individual's own tissue components. Several mechanisms have been postulated to explain the tolerant state. They can be...
Juvenile rheumatoid arthritis
Dong Soo Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1173-1179.   Published online December 15, 2007
The diagnosis of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) is based on patient's age at disease onset, symptom duration, gender, and clinical manifestations. JRA is of unknown origin, begins under the age of 16, and persists for a minimum of 6 weeks. JRA is categorized into three principal types, systemic, oligoarticular and polyarticular. Infection, other connective tissue diseases, malignancy, trauma, and immunodeficiency...
Systemic lupus erythematosus
Kwang-Nam Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1180-1187.   Published online December 15, 2007
Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an episodic, multi-system, autoimmune disease characterized by widespread inflammation of blood vessels and connective tissues and by the presence of antinuclear antibodies (ANAs), especially antibodies to native (double-stranded) DNA (dsDNA). Its clinical manifestations are extremely variable, and its natural history is unpredictable. Untreated, SLE is often progressive and has a significant fatality rate. The most...
Original Articles
Subclinical rickets in breastfed infants
Sin Young Park, Sung Woo Park, Sung Kil Kang, Yong Hoon Jun, Soon Ki Kim, Byong Kwan Son, Jee Eun Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1188-1193.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : The prevalence of rickets in the world is on the rise not only in developing but also in developed countries. In Korea, breastfeeding has increased. There have been few studies on the possible association of rickets with breastfeeding. The purpose of this study was to identify the development and the clinical presentation of subclinical rickets in breastfed infants. Methods...
Quantification of endothelin-1 in human umbilical venous endothelial cell culture supernatants of small for gestational age and preeclampsia neonates
Won Kyoung Cho, So Young Kim, Chung Sik Chun
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1194-1199.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : It was generally accepted now a days that the pathogenesis of preeclampsia, small for gestational age (SGA), intrauterine growth retardation and fetal origin of adult diseases were related with a endothelial cell dysfunction. The purpose of this study was to know the relation of such diseases by assessing the level of endothelin-1. Methods : SGA babies, newborns of...
The outcome of surfactant replacement therapy in above nearterm neonates with severe pulmonary disease
Su-Min Shon, Bo-Young Lee, Chun-Soo Kim, Sang-Lak Lee, Tae-Chan Kwon
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1200-1205.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : We performed this study to investigate the outcome of surfactant replacement therapy (SRT) in above nearterm neonates who were required mechanical ventilatory care due to meconium aspiration pneumonia (MAP), respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) or other severe pneumonia (PN). Methods : 48 patients, gestational period ≥36 weeks, who were admitted in NICU of Dongsan Medical Center, Keimyung University between July...
Effect of women's first childbearing age on the risk of low birth weight
Jung Ju Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1206-1211.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : The aim of this study was to investigate the risk of low birth weight associated with delayed first childbearing in Korea. Methods : The national birth certificate data of the singletons and first babies in Korea from January 2001 to December 2003 (n=736,167) was used. Outcome measures were rates of low birth weight infant, very low birth weight...
Maintenance dose of electrolyte free polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000 in Korean children with chronic functional constipation
So Hee Lee, Sun Hwan Bae
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1212-1216.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : To determine optimal maintenance dose and to evaluation the efficacy and safety of polyethylene glycol 4000 (PEG4000) in children with chronic functional constipation. Methods : This study enrolled 41 children with chronic functional constipation at the Konkuk university hospital August 2005, then June, 2007. Effective maintenance dose was designed as initial amount of PEG4000 that improved frequency, bowel movement,...
The effects of shortened dexamethasone administration on remission rate and potential complications during remission induction treatment for pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia
Jae Wook Lee, Kwang Hee Lee, Young Joo Kwon, Dae Hyoung Lee, Nak Gyun Chung, Dae Chul Jeong, Bin Cho, Hack Ki Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1217-1224.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : Due to its high potency against leukemic blasts, our institution has opted for the use of dexamethasone during acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) remission induction, but in our most recent treatment protocol, CMCPL-2005, we shortened the length of steroid treatment from 4 to 3 weeks. We compared both the rates of remission induction and significant complications observed during induction...
Effect of intravenous deferoxamine in multiply transfused patients
Sang Min Oh, Joon Won Kang, Sun Young Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1225-1230.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : Multiple transfusions in patients with chronic anemia can result in excessive iron deposition in tissues and organs. Effective iron chelation therapy in chronically transfused patients can only be achieved when iron chelators remove sufficient amounts of iron equivalent to those accumulated in the body from transfusions, thus leading to maintain body iron load at a non-toxic level. This...
The clinical manifestations, the short- and long-term outcomes of Bartter syndrome
Hye Won Park, Joo Hoon Lee, Young Seo Park
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1231-1240.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : Bartter syndrome is a renal tubular defect in electrolyte transport characterized by hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis and other clinical signs and symptoms. The aims of this study were to analyze the clinical manifestations and the short- and long-term outcomes of Bartter syndrome. Methods : We retrospectively reviewed clinical history, laboratory finding of blood and urine, renal ultrasonography, and hearing...
Influence of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and endostatin on coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease
Seon A Kim, Bum Suk Jung, Jong Seo Yoon, Ji Whan Han, Joon Sung Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1241-1246.   Published online December 15, 2007

Purpose: Recently, there has been several studies to clarify the pathogenesis of Kawasaki disease (KD) and the relations of VEGF and endostatin that act on vascular endothelial cells to the coronary artery complications. In this report, we measured serum levels of VEGF and endostatin in acute and subacute phases of KD to assess the change of these levels and the...
Change of hemostatic markers according to the clinical state in Kawasaki disease
Yong Beom Kim, You Sook Yoon, Sang Yun Lee, Hong Ryang Kil
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1247-1251.   Published online December 15, 2007
Purpose : Pathologically, Kawasaki disease (KD) is associated with widespread vascular endothelial damage in the acute phase. The vasculitis induced endothelial injury leads to coagulation abnormalities. Abnormalities of endothelial function, platelet activation, and fibrinolysis are present during acute phase and long after the onset of KD. The aim of study is to evaluate the change of hemostatic markers in the...
A case of cystic fibrosis presented with meconium ileus in a female neonate
In-Ok Hwang, Eun-Sil Lee
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1252-1256.   Published online December 15, 2007
Meconium ileus (MI) is the earliest clinical manifestation of cystic fibrosis (CF) in infants. It arises from the intraluminal accumulation of highly viscid, protein-rich meconium, typically present in the terminal ileum as a neonatal intestinal obstruction. Therefore, the clinical symptoms include abdominal distension, bilious vomiting and delayed passage of meconium. CF is caused by mutations in the transmembrane conductance regulator...
A case of neonatal amoebiasis with after-birth vomiting and bloody stool
Jimin Kahng, So-Young Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1257-1260.   Published online December 15, 2007
E. histolytica has a simple life cycle with two stages: an infective cyst and an invasive trophozoite. It lives on humans as its host. Its infection occurs through the ingestion of the cyst form, and the disease begins when the trophozoite, converted at the small intestine, adheres to colonic epithelial cells with a latent period of two days to four...
Multiple extrarenal manifestations in hemolytic uremic syndrome: A case report
Eugene Kim, So-Young Kim
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1261-1265.   Published online December 15, 2007
Extrarenal manifestations of hemolytic uremic syndrome (HUS) have increasingly been recognized and may be major determinants of mortality and morbidity. Although microthrombi are often found in the pulmonary and coronary circulation, apparent lung and cardiac involvement are clinically infrequent. We describe here a 10-month-old boy with HUS who developed pulmonary hemorrhage, acute respiratory distress syndrome and dilated cardiomyopathy. Complete renal...
Erratum
Lee Dong-Ki: Comment on agammaglobulinemia (Soakwa 1959;2:8-13)
Korean J Pediatr. 2007;50(12):1266.   Published online December 15, 2007
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