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Review Article
Clinical presentations of critical cardiac defects in the newborn: Decision making and initial management
Jae Young Lee
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2010;53(6):669-679.   Published online June 23, 2010

The risk of mortality and morbidity of patients with congenital heart defects (CHDs) is highest during neonatal period and increases when diagnosis and proper management are delayed. Neonates with critical CHDs may present with severe cyanosis, respiratory distress, shock, or collapse, all of which are also frequent clinical presentations of various respiratory problems or sepsis in the newborn. Early diagnosis...

Case Report
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformation manifesting with perioral cyanosis and dyspnea on exertion: A case report
Yu Kyung Kim, Jin Woo Kim, Gun Lee, Man Yong Han
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2009;52(1):124-128.   Published online January 15, 2009
Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (PAVMs) are direct communications between pulmonary arteries and pulmonary veins, resulting in right-to-left shunts that may cause cyanosis, dyspnea, and digital clubbing. Neurological complications such as intracerebral hemorrhage or brain abscess may result from cerebral thrombosis or emboli. In most cases, they remain unrecognized until the late teenage years. Here, we report a case of a 6-year-old...
A case of congenital vallecular cyst associated with gastroesophageal reflux presenting with stridor, feeding cyanosis, and failure to thrive
Mi Ae Yang, Min Jae Kang, Jeana Hong, Seung Han Shin, Sang Duk Kim, Ee-Kyung Kim, Han-Suk Kim, Jung-Hwan Choi, Tack Kyun Kwon, In-One Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2008;51(7):775-779.   Published online July 15, 2008
Vallecular cyst is an uncommon but potentially dangerous condition causing stridor and has been associated with sudden airway obstruction resulting in death due to its anatomical location in neonates. It may also present with various degrees of feeding problems resulting in failure to thrive. When a vallecular cyst is suspected clinically, endoscopic laryngoscopy is necessary to visualize it. Other conditions...
A Case of Congenital Laryngeal Atresia with Single Umbilical Artery Who Required a Tracheotomy
Ho Sung Wi, Hey Sung Baek, Jae Won Oh, Myung-Kul Yum, Yong Joo Kim, Soo Jee Moon, Kyung Tae, Chang-Ryul Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2005;48(5):557-560.   Published online May 15, 2005
Congenital laryngeal atresia is a rare cause of airway obstruction that is almost always lethal within a few minutes after birth. Therefore congenital laryngeal atresia should be diagnosed in the prenatal period. If not, it should be considered in newborn infant with life-threatening symptoms at birth such as cyanosis and dyspnea that need emergent procedures like a tracheotomy. We report...
Congenital Pulmonary Vein Stenosis Manifested by Severe Cyanosis in Infancy
Jae Ju Cho, Woo Sung Park, I-Seok Kang, Tae-Gook Jun, Mi-Jin Jung
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2004;47(10):1114-1118.   Published online October 15, 2004
Congenital pulmonary vein stenosis(CPVS) with anatomically normal connection, a rare anomaly, usually leads to progressive pulmonary hypertension, cardiac failure in infancy, and death if untreated. Most are combined with other anomalies, particularly left to right shunt lesions. Very often, the detection of CPVS is overlooked on the initial cardiac echocardiogram, because it may be mild in its severity initially, but...
Original Article
The Influence of the Preoperative Chronic Cyanosis on the Cardiac Troponin I in the Pediatric Cardiac Operation
Jinyoung Song, Sungkyu Lee, Jaeyoung Lee, Soojin Kim, Wooseup Shim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2002;45(4):498-504.   Published online April 15, 2002
Purpose : The purpose of this study was to evaluate the perioperative myocardial damage in pediatric congenital heart disease with the cardiac specific protein of cardiac troponin I(cTpn-I). Methods : All 25 pediatric patients who were diagnosed with tetralogy of Fallot or double outlet right ventricle were classified as group A(acyanotic, SaO2 >90%), group B(mildly cyanotic, SaO2 >80-90%) and group C(moderately...
Case Report
A Case of Congenital Nasal Pyriform Aperture Stenosis
Hyoung Sik Oh, Sang Hee Kim, Gil Hyun Kim, Hak Soo Lee, Il Hwan Jang, Ji Hae Kim
Clin Exp Pediatr. 2001;44(1):99-102.   Published online January 15, 2001
The cause of congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis is unclear. The development of the facial skeleton occurs between the fifth and the eighth week of gestation. It is at this stage that the stenosis occurs due to overgrowth of the ossification of the maxilla. Infants are obligate nasal breathers. Incomplete and milder forms of nasal airway obstruction may be present...
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